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| Title: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network , United States , 2006 .
| | Author: | | Journal: MMWR Surveill Summ Citation: V : 58 P : 1-20 . Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20023608 Accession (PMID): 20023608 | | Abstract: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by atypical development in socialization , communication , and behavior .
ASDs typically are apparent before age 3 years , with associated impairments affecting multiple areas of a persons life .
Because no biologic marker exists for ASDs , identification is made by professionals who evaluate a childs developmental progress to identify the presence of developmental disorders .
REPORTING PERIOD : 2006 .
METHODS : Earlier surveillance efforts indicated that age 8 years is a reasonable index age at which to monitor peak prevalence .
The identified prevalence of ASDs in US children aged 8 years was estimated through a systematic retrospective review of evaluation records in multiple sites participating in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network .
Data were collected from existing records in 11 ADDM Network sites ( areas of Alabama , Arizona , Colorado , Florida , Georgia , Maryland , Missouri , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , South Carolina , and Wisconsin ) for 2006 .
To analyze changes in identified ASD prevalence , CDC compared the 2006 data with data collected from 10 sites ( all sites noted above except Florida ) in 2002 .
Children aged 8 years with a notation of an ASD or descriptions consistent with an ASD were identified through screening and abstraction of existing health and education records containing professional assessments of the childs developmental progress at health-care or education facilities .
Children aged 8 years whose parent ( s ) or legal guardian ( s ) resided in the respective areas in 2006 met the case definition for an ASD if their records documented behaviors consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th edition , text revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) criteria for autistic disorder , pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified ( PDD NOS ) , or Asperger disorder .
Presence of an identified ASD was determined through a review of data abstracted from developmental evaluation records by trained clinician reviewers .
RESULTS : For the 2006 surveillance year , 2 , 757 ( 0 . 9% ) of 307 , 790 children aged 8 years residing in the 11 ADDM sites were identified as having an ASD , indicating an overall average prevalence of 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 population ( 95% confidence interval [ CI ] = 8 . 6-9 . 3 ) .
ASD prevalence per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ranged from 4 . 2 in Florida to 12 . 1 in Arizona and Missouri , with prevalence for the majority of sites ranging between 7 . 6 and 10 . 4 .
For 2006 , ASD prevalence was significantly lower in Florida ( p<0 . 001 ) and Alabama ( p<0 . 05 ) and higher in Arizona and Missouri ( p<0 . 05 ) than in all other sites .
The ratio of males to females ranged from 3 . 2 : 1 in Alabama to 7 . 6 : 1 in Florida .
ASD prevalence varied by type of ascertainment source , with higher average prevalence in sites with access to health and education records ( 10 . 0 ) compared with sites with health records only ( 7 . 5 ) .
Although parental or professional concerns regarding development before age 36 months were noted in the evaluation records of the majority of children who were identified as having an ASD , the median age of earliest documented ASD diagnosis was much later ( range : 41 months [ Florida ] -60 months [ Colorado ] ) .
Of 10 sites that collected data for both the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years , nine observed an increase in ASD prevalence ( range : 27%-95% increase ; p<0 . 01 ) , with increases among males in all sites and among females in four of 11 sites , and variation among other subgroups .
INTERPRETATION : In 2006 , on average , approximately 1% or one child in every 110 in the 11 ADDM sites was classified as having an ASD ( approximate range : 1 : 80-1 : 240 children [ males : 1 : 70 ; females : 1 : 315 ] ) .
The average prevalence of ASDs identified among children aged 8 years increased 57% in 10 sites from the 2002 to the 2006 ADDM surveillance year .
Although improved ascertainment accounts for some of the prevalence increases documented in the ADDM sites , a true increase in the risk for children to develop ASD symptoms can not be ruled out .
On average , although delays in identification persisted , ASDs were being diagnosed by community professionals at earlier ages in 2006 than in 2002 .
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS : These results indicate an increased prevalence of identified ASDs among US children aged 8 years and underscore the need to regard ASDs as an urgent public health concern .
Continued monitoring is needed to document and understand changes over time , including the multiple ascertainment and potential risk factors likely to be contributing .
Research is needed to ascertain the factors that put certain persons at risk , and concerted efforts are essential to provide support for persons with ASDs , their families , and communities to improve long-term outcome .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Children aged 8 years with a notation of an ASD or descriptions consistent with an ASD were identified through screening and abstraction of existing health and education records containing professional assessments of the childs developmental progress at health-care or education facilities .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: ASDs typically are apparent before age 3 years , with associated impairments affecting multiple areas of a persons life .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Children aged 8 years whose parent ( s ) or legal guardian ( s ) resided in the respective areas in 2006 met the case definition for an ASD if their records documented behaviors consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th edition , text revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) criteria for autistic disorder , pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified ( PDD NOS ) , or Asperger disorder .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 2.00 ]: ASD prevalence varied by type of ascertainment source , with higher average prevalence in sites with access to health and education records ( 10 . 0 ) compared with sites with health records only ( 7 . 5 ) .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 2.00 ]: Although parental or professional concerns regarding development before age 36 months were noted in the evaluation records of the majority of children who were identified as having an ASD , the median age of earliest documented ASD diagnosis was much later ( range : 41 months [ Florida ] -60 months [ Colorado ] ) .
[ Sen. 21, subscore: 2.00 ]: Although improved ascertainment accounts for some of the prevalence increases documented in the ADDM sites , a true increase in the risk for children to develop ASD symptoms can not be ruled out .
[ Sen. 23, subscore: 2.00 ]: PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS : These results indicate an increased prevalence of identified ASDs among US children aged 8 years and underscore the need to regard ASDs as an urgent public health concern .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 2.00 ]: Research is needed to ascertain the factors that put certain persons at risk , and concerted efforts are essential to provide support for persons with ASDs , their families , and communities to improve long-term outcome .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by atypical development in socialization , communication , and behavior .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Because no biologic marker exists for ASDs , identification is made by professionals who evaluate a childs developmental progress to identify the presence of developmental disorders .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The identified prevalence of ASDs in US children aged 8 years was estimated through a systematic retrospective review of evaluation records in multiple sites participating in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: To analyze changes in identified ASD prevalence , CDC compared the 2006 data with data collected from 10 sites ( all sites noted above except Florida ) in 2002 .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Presence of an identified ASD was determined through a review of data abstracted from developmental evaluation records by trained clinician reviewers .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : For the 2006 surveillance year , 2 , 757 ( 0 . 9% ) of 307 , 790 children aged 8 years residing in the 11 ADDM sites were identified as having an ASD , indicating an overall average prevalence of 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 population ( 95% confidence interval [ CI ] = 8 . 6-9 . 3 ) .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: ASD prevalence per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ranged from 4 . 2 in Florida to 12 . 1 in Arizona and Missouri , with prevalence for the majority of sites ranging between 7 . 6 and 10 . 4 .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: For 2006 , ASD prevalence was significantly lower in Florida ( p<0 . 001 ) and Alabama ( p<0 . 05 ) and higher in Arizona and Missouri ( p<0 . 05 ) than in all other sites .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of 10 sites that collected data for both the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years , nine observed an increase in ASD prevalence ( range : 27%-95% increase ; p<0 . 01 ) , with increases among males in all sites and among females in four of 11 sites , and variation among other subgroups .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: INTERPRETATION : In 2006 , on average , approximately 1% or one child in every 110 in the 11 ADDM sites was classified as having an ASD ( approximate range : 1 : 80-1 : 240 children [ males : 1 : 70 ; females : 1 : 315 ] ) .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: The average prevalence of ASDs identified among children aged 8 years increased 57% in 10 sites from the 2002 to the 2006 ADDM surveillance year .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: On average , although delays in identification persisted , ASDs were being diagnosed by community professionals at earlier ages in 2006 than in 2002 .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: Continued monitoring is needed to document and understand changes over time , including the multiple ascertainment and potential risk factors likely to be contributing .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 30.00 |
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| Title: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders--Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network , 14 sites , United States , 2008 .
| | Author: | | Journal: MMWR Surveill Summ Citation: V : 61 P : 1-19 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22456193 Accession (PMID): 22456193 | | Abstract: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted , repetitive , and stereotyped patterns of behavior .
Symptoms typically are apparent before age 3 years .
The complex nature of these disorders , coupled with a lack of biologic markers for diagnosis and changes in clinical definitions over time , creates challenges in monitoring the prevalence of ASDs .
Accurate reporting of data is essential to understand the prevalence of ASDs in the population and can help direct research .
PERIOD COVERED : 2008 .
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM : The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network is an active surveillance system that estimates the prevalence of ASDs and describes other characteristics among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians reside within 14 ADDM sites in the United States .
ADDM does not rely on professional or family reporting of an existing ASD diagnosis or classification to ascertain case status .
Instead , information is obtained from childrens evaluation records to determine the presence of ASD symptoms at any time from birth through the end of the year when the child reaches age 8 years .
ADDM focuses on children aged 8 years because a baseline study conducted by CDC demonstrated that this is the age of identified peak prevalence .
A child is included as meeting the surveillance case definition for an ASD if he or she displays behaviors ( as described on a comprehensive evaluation completed by a qualified professional ) consistent with the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV , Text Revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) diagnostic criteria for any of the following conditions : Autistic Disorder ; Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified ( PDD-NOS , including Atypical Autism ) ; or Asperger Disorder .
The first phase of the ADDM methodology involves screening and abstraction of comprehensive evaluations completed by professional providers at multiple data sources in the community .
Multiple data sources are included , ranging from general pediatric health clinics to specialized programs for children with developmental disabilities .
In addition , many ADDM sites also review and abstract records of children receiving special education services in public schools .
In the second phase of the study , all abstracted evaluations are reviewed by trained clinicians to determine ASD case status .
Because the case definition and surveillance methods have remained consistent across all ADDM surveillance years to date , comparisons to results for earlier surveillance years can be made .
This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates from the 2008 surveillance year , representing 14 ADDM areas in the United States .
In addition to prevalence estimates , characteristics of the population of children with ASDs are described , as well as detailed comparisons of the 2008 surveillance year findings with those for the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years .
RESULTS : For 2008 , the overall estimated prevalence of ASDs among the 14 ADDM sites was 11 . 3 per 1 , 000 ( one in 88 ) children aged 8 years who were living in these communities during 2008 .
Overall ASD prevalence estimates varied widely across all sites ( range : 4 . 8-21 . 2 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ) .
ASD prevalence estimates also varied widely by sex and by racial/ethnic group .
Approximately one in 54 boys and one in 252 girls living in the ADDM Network communities were identified as having ASDs .
Comparison of 2008 findings with those for earlier surveillance years indicated an increase in estimated ASD prevalence of 23% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2006 ( from 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2006 to 11 . 0 in 2008 for the 11 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) and an estimated increase of 78% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2002 ( from 6 . 4 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2002 to 11 . 4 in 2008 for the 13 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) .
Because the ADDM Network sites do not make up a nationally representative sample , these combined prevalence estimates should not be generalized to the United States as a whole .
INTERPRETATION : These data confirm that the estimated prevalence of ASDs identified in the ADDM network surveillance populations continues to increase .
The extent to which these increases reflect better case ascertainment as a result of increases in awareness and access to services or true increases in prevalence of ASD symptoms is not known .
ASDs continue to be an important public health concern in the United States , underscoring the need for continued resources to identify potential risk factors and to provide essential supports for persons with ASDs and their families .
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION : Given substantial increases in ASD prevalence estimates over a relatively short period , overall and within various subgroups of the population , continued monitoring is needed to quantify and understand these patterns .
With 5 biennial surveillance years completed in the past decade , the ADDM Network continues to monitor prevalence and characteristics of ASDs and other developmental disabilities for the 2010 surveillance year .
Further work is needed to evaluate multiple factors contributing to increases in estimated ASD prevalence over time .
ADDM Network investigators continue to explore these factors , with a focus on understanding disparities in the identification of ASDs among certain subgroups and on how these disparities have contributed to changes in the estimated prevalence of ASDs .
CDC is partnering with other federal and private partners in a coordinated response to identify risk factors for ASDs and to meet the needs of persons with ASDs and their families .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: A child is included as meeting the surveillance case definition for an ASD if he or she displays behaviors ( as described on a comprehensive evaluation completed by a qualified professional ) consistent with the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV , Text Revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) diagnostic criteria for any of the following conditions : Autistic Disorder ; Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified ( PDD-NOS , including Atypical Autism ) ; or Asperger Disorder .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: ADDM does not rely on professional or family reporting of an existing ASD diagnosis or classification to ascertain case status .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 2.00 ]: The extent to which these increases reflect better case ascertainment as a result of increases in awareness and access to services or true increases in prevalence of ASD symptoms is not known .
[ Sen. 26, subscore: 2.00 ]: ASDs continue to be an important public health concern in the United States , underscoring the need for continued resources to identify potential risk factors and to provide essential supports for persons with ASDs and their families .
[ Sen. 30, subscore: 2.00 ]: ADDM Network investigators continue to explore these factors , with a focus on understanding disparities in the identification of ASDs among certain subgroups and on how these disparities have contributed to changes in the estimated prevalence of ASDs .
[ Sen. 31, subscore: 2.00 ]: CDC is partnering with other federal and private partners in a coordinated response to identify risk factors for ASDs and to meet the needs of persons with ASDs and their families .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted , repetitive , and stereotyped patterns of behavior .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The complex nature of these disorders , coupled with a lack of biologic markers for diagnosis and changes in clinical definitions over time , creates challenges in monitoring the prevalence of ASDs .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Accurate reporting of data is essential to understand the prevalence of ASDs in the population and can help direct research .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM : The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network is an active surveillance system that estimates the prevalence of ASDs and describes other characteristics among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians reside within 14 ADDM sites in the United States .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Instead , information is obtained from childrens evaluation records to determine the presence of ASD symptoms at any time from birth through the end of the year when the child reaches age 8 years .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the second phase of the study , all abstracted evaluations are reviewed by trained clinicians to determine ASD case status .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates from the 2008 surveillance year , representing 14 ADDM areas in the United States .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition to prevalence estimates , characteristics of the population of children with ASDs are described , as well as detailed comparisons of the 2008 surveillance year findings with those for the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : For 2008 , the overall estimated prevalence of ASDs among the 14 ADDM sites was 11 . 3 per 1 , 000 ( one in 88 ) children aged 8 years who were living in these communities during 2008 .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overall ASD prevalence estimates varied widely across all sites ( range : 4 . 8-21 . 2 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ) .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: ASD prevalence estimates also varied widely by sex and by racial/ethnic group .
[ Sen. 21, subscore: 1.00 ]: Approximately one in 54 boys and one in 252 girls living in the ADDM Network communities were identified as having ASDs .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of 2008 findings with those for earlier surveillance years indicated an increase in estimated ASD prevalence of 23% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2006 ( from 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2006 to 11 . 0 in 2008 for the 11 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) and an estimated increase of 78% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2002 ( from 6 . 4 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2002 to 11 . 4 in 2008 for the 13 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: INTERPRETATION : These data confirm that the estimated prevalence of ASDs identified in the ADDM network surveillance populations continues to increase .
[ Sen. 27, subscore: 1.00 ]: PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION : Given substantial increases in ASD prevalence estimates over a relatively short period , overall and within various subgroups of the population , continued monitoring is needed to quantify and understand these patterns .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: With 5 biennial surveillance years completed in the past decade , the ADDM Network continues to monitor prevalence and characteristics of ASDs and other developmental disabilities for the 2010 surveillance year .
[ Sen. 29, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further work is needed to evaluate multiple factors contributing to increases in estimated ASD prevalence over time .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 23.00 |
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| Title: Candidatus Phytoplasma , a taxon for the wall-less , non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects .
| | Author: . | | Journal: Int .
J Syst Evol Microbiol .
Citation: V : 54 ( Pt 4 ) P : 1243-55 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15280299 Accession (PMID): 15280299 | | Abstract: The trivial name phytoplasma has been adopted to collectively name wall-less , non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects , which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms .
Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro , phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct , monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes .
It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus Candidatus ( Ca . ) Phytoplasma .
Given the diversity within Ca .
Phytoplasma , several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share <97 . 5% similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences .
This report describes the properties of Ca .
Phytoplasma , a taxon that includes the species Ca .
Phytoplasma aurantifolia ( the prokaryote associated with witches-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma australiense ( associated with Australian grapevine yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma fraxini ( associated with ash yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma japonicum ( associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma brasiliense ( associated with hibiscus witches-broom in Brazil ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma castaneae ( associated with chestnut witches-broom in Korea ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma asteris ( associated with aster yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma mali ( associated with apple proliferation ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma phoenicium ( associated with almond lethal disease ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma trifolii ( associated with clover proliferation ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma cynodontis ( associated with Bermuda grass white leaf ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma ziziphi ( associated with jujube witches-broom ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma oryzae ( associated with rice yellow dwarf ) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed ( for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach , grapevine flavescence dore , Central American coconut lethal yellows , Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut , Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches-broom , respectively ) .
Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that , despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97 . 5% similar to those of other Ca .
Phytoplasma species , are characterized by distinctive biological , phytopathological and genetic properties .
These include Ca .
Phytoplasma pyri ( associated with pear decline ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma prunorum ( associated with European stone fruit yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma spartii ( associated with spartium witches-broom ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma rhamni ( associated with buckthorn witches-broom ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma allocasuarinae ( associated with allocasuarina yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma ulmi ( associated with elm yellows ) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma .
Conversely , some organisms , despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being <97 . 5% similar to that of any other Ca .
Phytoplasma species , are not presently described as Candidatus species , due to their poor overall characterization .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 3.00 ]: Phytoplasma asteris ( associated with aster yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Phytoplasma fraxini ( associated with ash yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 2.00 ]: Phytoplasma oryzae ( associated with rice yellow dwarf ) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed ( for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach , grapevine flavescence dore , Central American coconut lethal yellows , Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut , Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches-broom , respectively ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma aurantifolia ( the prokaryote associated with witches-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma australiense ( associated with Australian grapevine yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma japonicum ( associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma brasiliense ( associated with hibiscus witches-broom in Brazil ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma castaneae ( associated with chestnut witches-broom in Korea ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma mali ( associated with apple proliferation ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma phoenicium ( associated with almond lethal disease ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma trifolii ( associated with clover proliferation ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma cynodontis ( associated with Bermuda grass white leaf ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma ziziphi ( associated with jujube witches-broom ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma pyri ( associated with pear decline ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma prunorum ( associated with European stone fruit yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 26, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma spartii ( associated with spartium witches-broom ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 27, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma rhamni ( associated with buckthorn witches-broom ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma allocasuarinae ( associated with allocasuarina yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 29, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma ulmi ( associated with elm yellows ) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 17.00 |
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| Title: Racial and ethnic differences in adult asthma prevalence , problems , and medical care .
| | Author: Gorman BK Chu M | | Journal: Ethn Health Citation: V : 14 P : 527-52 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19533477 Accession (PMID): 19533477 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : We document the extent to which racial and ethnic differences exist in asthma prevalence among US adults , and among asthmatic adults , we document racial differences in asthma problems and asthma-related medical care .
We also explore potential explanations for racial and ethnic disparities in each outcome .
DESIGN : Using data on a 24-state sample of white , black , Hispanic , Asian , and Native American adults from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , we examine race/ethnic differences in asthma prevalence , problems ( had an asthma attack last year ; asthma symptoms ; sleep difficulties ; activities limited because of asthma ) , and asthma-related medical care ( number of routine doctor visits ; medication use ; urgent doctor visits ; visited an emergency room for asthma-related care last year ) .
We then explore whether any observed disparities are due to differences in demographic characteristics , socioeconomic status , health behavior , and environmental conditions across racial/ethnic groups .
RESULTS : Asthma prevalence is lowest among Asian and Hispanic adults , and highest among black and Native American adults .
Considerable racial/ethnic differences in asthma-related problems and medical care are also present , with Asians doing as well or better than whites , while blacks , Hispanics , and especially Native Americans report more asthma-related problems and medical care use .
For some groups ( ie , Asians and Hispanics ) , we were mostly unable to explain away observed differences with white adults with adjustment for potential explanatory mechanisms , while for other groups ( ie , blacks and Native Americans ) adjusting for socioeconomic status and air quality accounted for much of the observed disparity with whites .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 7.00 ]: DESIGN : Using data on a 24-state sample of white , black , Hispanic , Asian , and Native American adults from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , we examine race/ethnic differences in asthma prevalence , problems ( had an asthma attack last year ; asthma symptoms ; sleep difficulties ; activities limited because of asthma ) , and asthma-related medical care ( number of routine doctor visits ; medication use ; urgent doctor visits ; visited an emergency room for asthma-related care last year ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 4.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : We document the extent to which racial and ethnic differences exist in asthma prevalence among US adults , and among asthmatic adults , we document racial differences in asthma problems and asthma-related medical care .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Considerable racial/ethnic differences in asthma-related problems and medical care are also present , with Asians doing as well or better than whites , while blacks , Hispanics , and especially Native Americans report more asthma-related problems and medical care use .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: RESULTS : Asthma prevalence is lowest among Asian and Hispanic adults , and highest among black and Native American adults .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: For some groups ( ie , Asians and Hispanics ) , we were mostly unable to explain away observed differences with white adults with adjustment for potential explanatory mechanisms , while for other groups ( ie , blacks and Native Americans ) adjusting for socioeconomic status and air quality accounted for much of the observed disparity with whites .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 16.00 |
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| Title: Retention of autism spectrum diagnoses by community professionals : findings from the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network , 2000 and 2006 .
| | Author: Wiggins LD Baio J Schieve L Lee LC Nicholas J Rice CE | | Journal: J Dev Behav Pediatr Citation: V : 33 P : 387-95 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22580734 Accession (PMID): 22580734 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Past research is inconsistent in the stability of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) diagnoses .
The authors therefore sought to examine the proportion of children identified from a population-based surveillance system that had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD and factors associated with such changes .
METHODS : Children with a documented age of first ASD diagnosis noted in surveillance records by a community professional ( n = 1392 ) were identified from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network .
Children were considered to have a change in classification if an ASD was excluded after the age of first recorded ASD diagnosis .
Child and surveillance factors were entered into a multivariable regression model to determine factors associated with diagnostic change .
RESULTS : Only 4% of our sample had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD noted in evaluation records .
Factors associated with change in classification from ASD to non-ASD were timing of first ASD diagnosis at 30 months or younger , onset other than developmental regression , presence of specific developmental delays , and participation in a special needs classroom other than autism at 8 years of age .
CONCLUSIONS : Our results found that children with ASDs are likely to retain an ASD diagnosis , which underscores the need for continued services .
Children diagnosed at 30 months or younger are more likely to experience a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD than children diagnosed at 31 months or older , suggesting earlier identification of ASD symptoms may be associated with response to intervention efforts or increased likelihood for overdiagnosis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 3.00 ]: Factors associated with change in classification from ASD to non-ASD were timing of first ASD diagnosis at 30 months or younger , onset other than developmental regression , presence of specific developmental delays , and participation in a special needs classroom other than autism at 8 years of age .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Children diagnosed at 30 months or younger are more likely to experience a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD than children diagnosed at 31 months or older , suggesting earlier identification of ASD symptoms may be associated with response to intervention efforts or increased likelihood for overdiagnosis .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The authors therefore sought to examine the proportion of children identified from a population-based surveillance system that had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD and factors associated with such changes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Children were considered to have a change in classification if an ASD was excluded after the age of first recorded ASD diagnosis .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Our results found that children with ASDs are likely to retain an ASD diagnosis , which underscores the need for continued services .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Past research is inconsistent in the stability of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) diagnoses .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : Children with a documented age of first ASD diagnosis noted in surveillance records by a community professional ( n = 1392 ) were identified from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Child and surveillance factors were entered into a multivariable regression model to determine factors associated with diagnostic change .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : Only 4% of our sample had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD noted in evaluation records .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 15.00 |
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| Title: Comparative sequence and genetic analyses of asparagus BACs reveal no microsynteny with onion or rice .
| | Author: Jakse J Telgmann A Jung C Khar A Melgar S Cheung F Town CD Havey MJ .
| | Journal: Theor . Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 114 ( 1 ) P : 31-9 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17016688 Accession (PMID): 17016688 | | Abstract: The Poales ( includes the grasses ) and Asparagales [ includes onion ( Allium cepa L ) and asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L ) ] are the two most economically important monocot orders .
The Poales are a member of the commelinoid monocots , a group of orders sister to the Asparagales .
Comparative genomic analyses have revealed a high degree of synteny among the grasses ; however , it is not known if this synteny extends to other major monocot groups such as the Asparagales .
Although we previously reported no evidence for synteny at the recombinational level between onion and rice , microsynteny may exist across shorter genomic regions in the grasses and Asparagales .
We sequenced nine asparagus BACs to reveal physically linked genic-like sequences and determined their most similar positions in the onion and rice genomes .
Four of the asparagus BACs were selected using molecular markers tightly linked to the sex-determining M locus on chromosome 5 of asparagus .
These BACs possessed only two putative coding regions and had long tracts of degenerated retroviral elements and transposons .
Five asparagus BACs were selected after hybridization of three onion cDNAs that mapped to three different onion chromosomes .
Genic-like sequences that were physically linked on the cDNA-selected BACs or genetically linked on the M-linked BACs showed significant similarities ( e < -20 ) to expressed sequences on different rice chromosomes , revealing no evidence for microsynteny between asparagus and rice across these regions .
Genic-like sequences that were linked in asparagus were used to identify highly similar ( e < -20 ) expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) of onion .
These onion ESTs mapped to different onion chromosomes and no relationship was observed between physical or genetic linkages in asparagus and genetic linkages in onion .
These results further indicate that synteny among grass genomes does not extend to a sister order in the monocots and that asparagus may not be an appropriate smaller genome model for plants in the Asparagales with enormous nuclear genomes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: The Poales ( includes the grasses ) and Asparagales [ includes onion ( Allium cepa L ) and asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L ) ] are the two most economically important monocot orders .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Four of the asparagus BACs were selected using molecular markers tightly linked to the sex-determining M locus on chromosome 5 of asparagus .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: These results further indicate that synteny among grass genomes does not extend to a sister order in the monocots and that asparagus may not be an appropriate smaller genome model for plants in the Asparagales with enormous nuclear genomes .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Poales are a member of the commelinoid monocots , a group of orders sister to the Asparagales .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparative genomic analyses have revealed a high degree of synteny among the grasses ; however , it is not known if this synteny extends to other major monocot groups such as the Asparagales .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although we previously reported no evidence for synteny at the recombinational level between onion and rice , microsynteny may exist across shorter genomic regions in the grasses and Asparagales .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We sequenced nine asparagus BACs to reveal physically linked genic-like sequences and determined their most similar positions in the onion and rice genomes .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Five asparagus BACs were selected after hybridization of three onion cDNAs that mapped to three different onion chromosomes .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genic-like sequences that were physically linked on the cDNA-selected BACs or genetically linked on the M-linked BACs showed significant similarities ( e < -20 ) to expressed sequences on different rice chromosomes , revealing no evidence for microsynteny between asparagus and rice across these regions .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genic-like sequences that were linked in asparagus were used to identify highly similar ( e < -20 ) expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) of onion .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: These onion ESTs mapped to different onion chromosomes and no relationship was observed between physical or genetic linkages in asparagus and genetic linkages in onion .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 15.00 |
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| Title: Risk factors for development of asthma in Thai adults in Phitsanulok : a university-based study .
| | Author: Uthaisangsook S | | Journal: Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol Citation: V : 28 P : 23-8 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20527512 Accession (PMID): 20527512 | | Abstract: Studies have shown that asthma in children is caused by environmental and genetic factors .
In adult asthma , risk factors were less well recognized .
Likewise , in Thailand , data in adult asthma is limited .
This study aimed to evaluate risk factors , determine skin reactivities to allergens , and assess concomitant allergy among adult asthma in Phitsanulok , a major city in the lower northern Thailand .
Five hundred and thirteen Naresuan University staff members and students completed 2 sets of questionnaires and underwent allergy skin prick tests .
The first set of questionnaires was standardized Thai version of ISAAC questionnaire for identifying asthma , allergic rhinitis , and atopic eczema .
The second set was modified from ISAAC phase II questionnaire to identify asthma risk factors .
Fifty-eight subjects ( 11 . 6% ) were identified as having physicians diagnosed asthma and 89 subjects ( 17 . 7% ) wheezed in the past 12 months .
Among 89 subjects , 14 . 4% wheezed more than once a month , 45 . 6% had wheezes interfering with sleep .
Concomitant allergic rhinitis , rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema among these asthma subjects were 82 . 5% , 67 . 9% , and 14 . 9% , respectively .
Eighty seven point nine percent of asthmatic subjects had positive skin reactivities to at least one allergen .
Two of the most common allergens were house dust mites and cockroaches .
Maternal smoking during pregnancy , smoking among family members , and family history of allergy were statistically significant risks for developing asthma , while having a rice field around the residence represented a significant protective factor .
In conclusion , high prevalence of asthma presented in Phitsanulok and many asthmatic subjects were partly controlled or uncontrolled .
The environment such as a rice field could protect against asthma , however atopy and smoking exposure were significant risks for asthma development | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: This study aimed to evaluate risk factors , determine skin reactivities to allergens , and assess concomitant allergy among adult asthma in Phitsanulok , a major city in the lower northern Thailand .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 2.00 ]: In conclusion , high prevalence of asthma presented in Phitsanulok and many asthmatic subjects were partly controlled or uncontrolled .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 2.00 ]: The environment such as a rice field could protect against asthma , however atopy and smoking exposure were significant risks for asthma development
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Studies have shown that asthma in children is caused by environmental and genetic factors .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In adult asthma , risk factors were less well recognized .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Likewise , in Thailand , data in adult asthma is limited .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The first set of questionnaires was standardized Thai version of ISAAC questionnaire for identifying asthma , allergic rhinitis , and atopic eczema .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The second set was modified from ISAAC phase II questionnaire to identify asthma risk factors .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fifty-eight subjects ( 11 . 6% ) were identified as having physicians diagnosed asthma and 89 subjects ( 17 . 7% ) wheezed in the past 12 months .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Concomitant allergic rhinitis , rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema among these asthma subjects were 82 . 5% , 67 . 9% , and 14 . 9% , respectively .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Eighty seven point nine percent of asthmatic subjects had positive skin reactivities to at least one allergen .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Maternal smoking during pregnancy , smoking among family members , and family history of allergy were statistically significant risks for developing asthma , while having a rice field around the residence represented a significant protective factor .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Evolutionary history of the Asr gene family .
| | Author: Frankel N Carrari F Hasson E Iusem ND .
| | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 378 ( ) P : 74-83 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16822623 Accession (PMID): 16822623 | | Abstract: The Asr gene family is widespread in higher plants .
Most Asr genes are up-regulated under different environmental stress conditions and during fruit ripening .
ASR proteins are localized in the nucleus and their likely function is transcriptional regulation .
In cultivated tomato , we identified a novel fourth family member , named Asr4 , which maps close to its sibling genes Asr1-Asr2-Asr3 and displays an unshared region coding for a domain containing a 13-amino acid repeat .
In this work we were able to expand our previous analysis for Asr2 and investigated the coding regions of the four known Asr paralogous genes in seven tomato species from different geographic locations .
In addition , we performed a phylogenetic analysis on ASR proteins .
The first conclusion drawn from this work is that tomato ASR proteins cluster together in the tree .
This observation can be explained by a scenario of concerted evolution or birth and death of genes .
Secondly , our study showed that Asr1 is highly conserved at both replacement and synonymous sites within the genus Lycopersicon .
ASR1 protein sequence conservation might be associated with its multiple functions in different it issues while the low rate of synonymous substitutions suggests that silent variation in Asr1 is selectively constrained , which is probably related to its high expression levels .
Finally , we found that Asr1 activation under water stress is not conserved between Lycopersicon species . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: ASR1 protein sequence conservation might be associated with its multiple functions in different it issues while the low rate of synonymous substitutions suggests that silent variation in Asr1 is selectively constrained , which is probably related to its high expression levels .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: In cultivated tomato , we identified a novel fourth family member , named Asr4 , which maps close to its sibling genes Asr1-Asr2-Asr3 and displays an unshared region coding for a domain containing a 13-amino acid repeat .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In this work we were able to expand our previous analysis for Asr2 and investigated the coding regions of the four known Asr paralogous genes in seven tomato species from different geographic locations .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Asr gene family is widespread in higher plants .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Most Asr genes are up-regulated under different environmental stress conditions and during fruit ripening .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: ASR proteins are localized in the nucleus and their likely function is transcriptional regulation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , we performed a phylogenetic analysis on ASR proteins .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The first conclusion drawn from this work is that tomato ASR proteins cluster together in the tree .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Secondly , our study showed that Asr1 is highly conserved at both replacement and synonymous sites within the genus Lycopersicon .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , we found that Asr1 activation under water stress is not conserved between Lycopersicon species .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Overexpression of the aspartic protease ASPG1 gene confers drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
| | Author: Yao X Xiong W Ye T Wu Y | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 63 P : 2579-93 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22268147 Accession (PMID): 22268147 | | Abstract: Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting plant growth and limiting crop production .
Although many genes involved in adaptation to drought stress have been disclosed , the relevant molecular mechanisms are far from understood .
This study describes an Arabidopsis gene , ASPG1 ( ASPARTIC PROTEASE IN GUARD CELL 1 ) , that may function in drought avoidance through abscisic acid ( ABA ) signalling in guard cells .
Overexpression of the ASPG1 gene enhanced ABA sensitivity in guard cells and reduced water loss in ectopically overexpressing ASPG1 ( ASPG1-OE ) transgenic plants .
In ASPG1-OE plants , some downstream targets in ABA and/or drought-signalling pathways were altered at various levels , suggesting the involvement of ASPG1 in ABA-dependent drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
By analysing the activities of several antioxidases including superoxide dismutase and catalase in ASPG1-OE plants , the existence was demonstrated of an effective detoxification system for drought avoidance in these plants .
Analysis of ProASPG1-GUS lines showed a predominant guard cell expression pattern in various aerial it issues .
Moreover , the protease activity of ASPG1 was characterized in vitro , and two aspartic acid sites , D180 and D379 , were found to be key residues for ASPG1 aspartic protease activity in response to ABA .
In summary , these findings suggest that functional ASPG1 may be involved in ABA-dependent responsiveness and that overexpression of the ASPG1 gene can confer drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 4.00 ]: Moreover , the protease activity of ASPG1 was characterized in vitro , and two aspartic acid sites , D180 and D379 , were found to be key residues for ASPG1 aspartic protease activity in response to ABA .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Overexpression of the ASPG1 gene enhanced ABA sensitivity in guard cells and reduced water loss in ectopically overexpressing ASPG1 ( ASPG1-OE ) transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: This study describes an Arabidopsis gene , ASPG1 ( ASPARTIC PROTEASE IN GUARD CELL 1 ) , that may function in drought avoidance through abscisic acid ( ABA ) signalling in guard cells .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In ASPG1-OE plants , some downstream targets in ABA and/or drought-signalling pathways were altered at various levels , suggesting the involvement of ASPG1 in ABA-dependent drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: In summary , these findings suggest that functional ASPG1 may be involved in ABA-dependent responsiveness and that overexpression of the ASPG1 gene can confer drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: By analysing the activities of several antioxidases including superoxide dismutase and catalase in ASPG1-OE plants , the existence was demonstrated of an effective detoxification system for drought avoidance in these plants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns .
| | Author: Yang Y Sheng G | | Journal: Environ . Sci . Technol . Citation: V : 37 ( 16 ) P : 3635-9 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12953876 Accession (PMID): 12953876 | | Abstract: Lack of proper techniques to isolate black carbon ( BC ) from soils has hindered the understanding of their roles in the sorption and environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments .
The burning of crop residues may be the primary source of BC in agricultural soils .
In this study , wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) and rice ( Oryza sativa L ) residues were burned , and the resulting particulate matter ( ashes ) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water .
Calculations indicated that the burning of crop residues may result in an appreciable level of ashes in soils .
The diuron sorption isotherms on ashes were curvilinear Langmuir type , suggestive of surface adsorption and similar to that with activated carbon .
Ashes were 400-2500 times more effective than soil in sorbing diuron over the concentration range of 0-6 mg/L Sorption by wheat ash-amended soils and the degree of isotherm nonlinearity increased with increasing ash content from 0% to 1% ( weight ) , indicating the significant contribution of wheat ash to the sorption .
Calculations show that wheat ash and soil independently contributed to the sorption .
Above the wheat ash content of 0 . 05% , the sorption was largely controlled by the ash .
Density-based fractionation and repeated HCI-HF washing of wheat ash yielded carbon-enriched fractions and enhanced diuron sorption by these fractions .
BC appeared primarily responsible for the high adsorptivity of ashes .
Ashes arising from the burning of crop residues may be an important determinant of pesticide immobilization and environmental fate in soils . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: Ashes were 400-2500 times more effective than soil in sorbing diuron over the concentration range of 0-6 mg/L Sorption by wheat ash-amended soils and the degree of isotherm nonlinearity increased with increasing ash content from 0% to 1% ( weight ) , indicating the significant contribution of wheat ash to the sorption .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Above the wheat ash content of 0 . 05% , the sorption was largely controlled by the ash .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) and rice ( Oryza sativa L ) residues were burned , and the resulting particulate matter ( ashes ) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calculations indicated that the burning of crop residues may result in an appreciable level of ashes in soils .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The diuron sorption isotherms on ashes were curvilinear Langmuir type , suggestive of surface adsorption and similar to that with activated carbon .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calculations show that wheat ash and soil independently contributed to the sorption .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Density-based fractionation and repeated HCI-HF washing of wheat ash yielded carbon-enriched fractions and enhanced diuron sorption by these fractions .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: BC appeared primarily responsible for the high adsorptivity of ashes .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ashes arising from the burning of crop residues may be an important determinant of pesticide immobilization and environmental fate in soils .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed : the role of animal feeding trials .
| | Author: | | Journal: Food Chem Toxicol Citation: V : 46 Suppl 1 P : S2-70 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18328408 Accession (PMID): 18328408 | | Abstract: In this report the various elements of the safety and nutritional assessment procedure for genetically modified ( GM ) plant derived food and feed are discussed , in particular the potential and limitations of animal feeding trials for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed .
The general principles for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed are followed , as described in the EFSA guidance document of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms .
In Section 1 the mandate , scope and general principles for risk assessment of GM plant derived food and feed are discussed .
Products under consideration are food and feed derived from GM plants , such as maize , soybeans , oilseed rape and cotton , modified through the introduction of one or more genes coding for agronomic input traits like herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance .
Furthermore GM plant derived food and feed , which have been obtained through extensive genetic modifications targeted at specific alterations of metabolic pathways leading to improved nutritional and/or health characteristics , such as rice containing beta-carotene , soybeans with enhanced oleic acid content , or tomato with increased concentration of flavonoids , are considered .
The safety assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed follows a comparative approach , ie the food and feed are compared with their non-GM counterparts in order to identify intended and unintended ( unexpected ) differences which subsequently are assessed with respect to their potential impact on the environment , safety for humans and animals , and nutritional quality .
Key elements of the assessment procedure are the molecular , compositional , phenotypic and agronomic analysis in order to identify similarities and differences between the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart .
The safety assessment is focussed on ( i ) the presence and characteristics of newly expressed proteins and other new constituents and possible changes in the level of natural constituents beyond normal variation , and on the characteristics of the GM food and feed , and ( ii ) the possible occurrence of unintended ( unexpected ) effects in GM plants due to genetic modification .
In order to identify these effects a comparative phenotypic and molecular analysis of the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart is carried out , in parallel with a targeted analysis of single specific compounds , which represent important metabolic pathways in the plant like macro and micro nutrients , known anti-nutrients and toxins .
Significant differences may be indicative of the occurrence of unintended effects , which require further investigation .
Section 2 provides an overview of studies performed for the safety and nutritional assessment of whole food and feed .
Extensive experience has been built up in recent decades from the safety and nutritional testing in animals of irradiated foods , novel foods and fruit and vegetables .
These approaches are also relevant for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed .
Many feeding trials have been reported in which GM foods like maize , potatoes , rice , soybeans and tomatoes have been fed to rats or mice for prolonged periods , and parameters such as body weight , feed consumption , blood chemistry , organ weights , histopathology etc have been measured .
The food and feed under investigation were derived from GM plants with improved agronomic characteristics like herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance .
The majority of these experiments did not indicate clinical effects or histopathological abnormalities in organs or it issues of exposed animals .
In some cases adverse effects were noted , which were difficult to interpret due to shortcomings in the studies .
Many studies have also been carried out with feed derived from GM plants with agronomic input traits in target animal species to assess the nutritive value of the feed and their performance potential Studies in sheep , pigs , broilers , lactating dairy cows , and fish , comparing the in vivo bioavailability of nutrients from a range of GM plants with their near isogenic counterpart and commercial varieties , showed that they were comparable with those for near isogenic non-GM lines and commercial varieties .
In Section 3 toxicological in vivo , in silico , and in vitro test methods are discussed which may be applied for the safety and nutritional assessment of specific compounds present in food and feed or of whole food and feed derived from GM plants .
Moreover the purpose , potential and limitations of the 90-day rodent feeding trial for the safety and nutritional testing of whole food and feed have been examined .
Methods for single and repeated dose toxicity testing , reproductive and developmental toxicity testing and immunotoxicity testing , as described in OECD guideline tests for single well-defined chemicals are discussed and considered to be adequate for the safety testing of single substances including new products in GM food and feed .
Various in silico and in vitro methods may contribute to the safety assessment of GM plant derived food and feed and components thereof , like ( i ) in silico searches for sequence homology and/or structural similarity of novel proteins or their degradation products to known toxic or allergenic proteins , ( ii ) simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in order to study the digestive stability of newly expressed proteins and in vitro systems for analysis of the stability of the novel protein under heat or other processing conditions , and ( iii ) in vitro genotoxicity test methods that screen for point mutations , chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage/repair .
The current performance of the safety assessment of whole foods is mainly based on the protocols for low-molecular-weight chemicals such as pharmaceuticals , industrial chemicals , pesticides , food additives and contaminants .
However without adaptation , these protocols have limitations for testing of whole food and feed .
This primarily results from the fact that defined single substances can be dosed to laboratory animals at very large multiples of the expected human exposure , thus giving a large margin of safety .
In contrast foodstuffs are bulky , lead to satiation and can only be included in the diet at much lower multiples of expected human intakes .
When testing whole foods , the possible highest concentration of the GM food and feed in the laboratory animal diet may be limited because of nutritional imbalance of the diet , or by the presence of compounds with a known toxicological profile .
The aim of the 90-days rodent feeding study with the whole GM food and feed is to assess potential unintended effects of toxicological and/or nutritional relevance and to establish whether the GM food and feed is as safe and nutritious as its traditional comparator rather than determining qualitative and quantitative intrinsic toxicity of defined food constituents .
The design of the study should be adapted from the OECD 90-day rodent toxicity study .
The precise study design has to take into account the nature of the food and feed and the characteristics of the new trait ( s ) and their intended role in the GM food and feed .
A 90-day animal feeding trial has a large capacity ( sensitivity and specificity ) to detect potential toxicological effects of single well defined compounds .
This can be concluded from data reported on the toxicology of a wide range of industrial chemicals , pharmaceuticals , food substances , environmental , and agricultural chemicals .
It is possible to model the sensitivity of the rat subchronic feeding study for the detection of hypothetically increased amount of compounds such as anti-nutrients , toxicants or secondary metabolites .
With respect to the detection of potential unintended effects in whole GM food and feed , it is unlikely that substances present in small amounts and with a low toxic potential will result in any observable ( unintended ) effects in a 90-day rodent feeding study , as they would be below the no-observed-effect-level and thus of unlikely impact to human health at normal intake levels .
Laboratory animal feeding studies of 90-days duration appear to be sufficient to pick up adverse effects of diverse compounds that would also give adverse effects after chronic exposure .
This conclusion is based on literature data from studies investigating whether toxicological effects are adequately identified in 3-month subchronic studies in rodents , by comparing findings at 3 and 24 months for a range of different chemicals .
The 90-day rodent feeding study is not designed to detect effects on reproduction or development other than effects on adult reproductive organ weights and histopathology .
Analyses of available data indicate that , for a wide range of substances , reproductive and developmental effects are not potentially more sensitive endpoints than those examined in subchronic toxicity tests .
Should there be structural alerts for reproductive/developmental effects or other indications from data available on a GM food and feed , then these tests should be considered .
By relating the estimated daily intake , or theoretical maximum daily intake per capita for a given whole food ( or the sum of its individual commercial constituents ) to that consumed on average per rat per day in the subchronic 90-day feeding study , it is possible to establish the margin of exposure ( safety margin ) for consumers .
Results obtained from testing GM food and feed in rodents indicate that large ( at least 100-fold ) safety margins exist between animal exposure levels without observed adverse effects and estimated human daily intake .
Results of feeding studies with feed derived from GM plants with improved agronomic properties , carried out in a wide range of livestock species , are discussed .
The studies did not show any biologically relevant differences in the parameters tested between control and test animals .
( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The safety assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed follows a comparative approach , ie the food and feed are compared with their non-GM counterparts in order to identify intended and unintended ( unexpected ) differences which subsequently are assessed with respect to their potential impact on the environment , safety for humans and animals , and nutritional quality .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this report the various elements of the safety and nutritional assessment procedure for genetically modified ( GM ) plant derived food and feed are discussed , in particular the potential and limitations of animal feeding trials for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The general principles for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed are followed , as described in the EFSA guidance document of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Section 1 the mandate , scope and general principles for risk assessment of GM plant derived food and feed are discussed .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Key elements of the assessment procedure are the molecular , compositional , phenotypic and agronomic analysis in order to identify similarities and differences between the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The safety assessment is focussed on ( i ) the presence and characteristics of newly expressed proteins and other new constituents and possible changes in the level of natural constituents beyond normal variation , and on the characteristics of the GM food and feed , and ( ii ) the possible occurrence of unintended ( unexpected ) effects in GM plants due to genetic modification .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Section 2 provides an overview of studies performed for the safety and nutritional assessment of whole food and feed .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many studies have also been carried out with feed derived from GM plants with agronomic input traits in target animal species to assess the nutritive value of the feed and their performance potential Studies in sheep , pigs , broilers , lactating dairy cows , and fish , comparing the in vivo bioavailability of nutrients from a range of GM plants with their near isogenic counterpart and commercial varieties , showed that they were comparable with those for near isogenic non-GM lines and commercial varieties .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Section 3 toxicological in vivo , in silico , and in vitro test methods are discussed which may be applied for the safety and nutritional assessment of specific compounds present in food and feed or of whole food and feed derived from GM plants .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: Various in silico and in vitro methods may contribute to the safety assessment of GM plant derived food and feed and components thereof , like ( i ) in silico searches for sequence homology and/or structural similarity of novel proteins or their degradation products to known toxic or allergenic proteins , ( ii ) simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in order to study the digestive stability of newly expressed proteins and in vitro systems for analysis of the stability of the novel protein under heat or other processing conditions , and ( iii ) in vitro genotoxicity test methods that screen for point mutations , chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage/repair .
[ Sen. 23, subscore: 1.00 ]: The current performance of the safety assessment of whole foods is mainly based on the protocols for low-molecular-weight chemicals such as pharmaceuticals , industrial chemicals , pesticides , food additives and contaminants .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of the 90-days rodent feeding study with the whole GM food and feed is to assess potential unintended effects of toxicological and/or nutritional relevance and to establish whether the GM food and feed is as safe and nutritious as its traditional comparator rather than determining qualitative and quantitative intrinsic toxicity of defined food constituents .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Transgenic rice expressing Allium sativum leaf agglutinin ( ASAL ) exhibits high-level resistance against major sap-sucking pests .
| | Author: Yarasi B Sadumpati V Immanni CP Vudem DR Khareedu VR | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 8 P : 102 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18854007 Accession (PMID): 18854007 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Rice ( Oryza sativa ) productivity is adversely impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic factors .
An approximate 52% of the global production of rice is lost annually owing to the damage caused by biotic factors , of which approximately 21% is attributed to the attack of insect pests .
In this paper we report the isolation , cloning and characterization of Allium sativum leaf agglutinin ( asal ) gene , and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method .
The stable transgenic lines , expressing ASAL , showed explicit resistance against major sap-sucking pests .
RESULTS : Allium sativum leaf lectin gene ( asal ) , coding for mannose binding homodimeric protein ( ASAL ) from garlic plants , has been isolated and introduced into elite indica rice cultivars susceptible to sap-sucking insects , viz . , brown planthopper ( BPH ) , green leafhopper ( GLH ) and whitebacked planthopper ( WBPH ) .
Embryogenic calli of rice were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harbouring pSB111 super-binary vector comprising garlic lectin gene asal along with the herbicide resistance gene bar , both under the control of CaMV35S promoter .
PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed stable integration of transgenes into the genomes of rice plants .
Northern and western blot analyses revealed expression of ASAL in different transgenic rice lines .
In primary transformants , the level of ASAL protein , as estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , varied between 0 . 74% and 1 . 45% of the total soluble proteins .
In planta insect bioassays on transgenic rice lines revealed potent entomotoxic effects of ASAL on BPH , GLH and WBPH insects , as evidenced by significant decreases in the survival , development and fecundity of the insects .
CONCLUSION : In planta insect bioassays were carried out on asal transgenic rice lines employing standard screening techniques followed in conventional breeding for selection of insect resistant plants .
The ASAL expressing rice plants , bestowed with high entomotoxic effects , imparted appreciable resistance against three major sap-sucking insects .
Our results amply demonstrate that transgenic indica rice harbouring asal exhibit surpassing resistance against BPH , GLH and WBPH insects .
The prototypic asal transgenic rice lines appear promising for direct commercial cultivation besides serving as a potential genetic resource in recombination breeding .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: RESULTS : Allium sativum leaf lectin gene ( asal ) , coding for mannose binding homodimeric protein ( ASAL ) from garlic plants , has been isolated and introduced into elite indica rice cultivars susceptible to sap-sucking insects , viz . , brown planthopper ( BPH ) , green leafhopper ( GLH ) and whitebacked planthopper ( WBPH ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: In primary transformants , the level of ASAL protein , as estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , varied between 0 . 74% and 1 . 45% of the total soluble proteins .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this paper we report the isolation , cloning and characterization of Allium sativum leaf agglutinin ( asal ) gene , and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stable transgenic lines , expressing ASAL , showed explicit resistance against major sap-sucking pests .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Embryogenic calli of rice were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harbouring pSB111 super-binary vector comprising garlic lectin gene asal along with the herbicide resistance gene bar , both under the control of CaMV35S promoter .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Northern and western blot analyses revealed expression of ASAL in different transgenic rice lines .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In planta insect bioassays on transgenic rice lines revealed potent entomotoxic effects of ASAL on BPH , GLH and WBPH insects , as evidenced by significant decreases in the survival , development and fecundity of the insects .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : In planta insect bioassays were carried out on asal transgenic rice lines employing standard screening techniques followed in conventional breeding for selection of insect resistant plants .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ASAL expressing rice plants , bestowed with high entomotoxic effects , imparted appreciable resistance against three major sap-sucking insects .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results amply demonstrate that transgenic indica rice harbouring asal exhibit surpassing resistance against BPH , GLH and WBPH insects .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: The prototypic asal transgenic rice lines appear promising for direct commercial cultivation besides serving as a potential genetic resource in recombination breeding .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: The decline in ascorbic acid content is associated with cadmium toxicity of rice seedlings .
| | Author: Chao YY Hong CY Kao CH | | Journal: Plant Physiol Biochem Citation: V : 48 P : 374-81 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20144872 Accession (PMID): 20144872 | | Abstract: Cadmium ( Cd ) toxicity of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv .
Taichung Native 1 ) seedlings was evaluated by the decrease in chlorophyll content and the increase in malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in the second leaves of rice seedlings .
CdCl2 ( 5 microM ) treatment was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of ascorbic acid ( AsA ) and AsA + dehydroascorbate ( DHA ) and in the ratios of AsA/DHA in leaves .
However , CdCl2 treatment resulted in an increase in DHA content in leaves .
Moreover , the decrease in AsA content was prior to the occurrence of chlorosis and associated with the increase in MDA content in the leaves of seedlings treated with Cd .
Pretreatment with 0 . 5 mM AsA or L-galactono-1 , 4-lactone ( GalL ) , the biosynthetic precursor of AsA , for 6 h resulted in an increase in the contents of AsA and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) , the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidized glutathione , and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase ( APX ) and glutathione reductase ( GR ) in the leaves of rice seedlings .
Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to quantify the mRNA levels for OsAPX and OsGR genes from rice leaves to examine the effect of AsA or GalL pretreatment on the expression of OsAPX and OsGR genes in rice leaves .
The expression of OsAPX2 , OsAPX3 , OsAPX4 , OsAPX5 , OsAPX6 , OsAPX7 , and OsGR1 was increased by AsA or GalL pretreatment .
Rice seedlings pretreated with AsA or GalL were observed to reduce the subsequent Cd-induced toxicity .
Our results suggest that AsA content may play a role in regulating Cd toxicity of rice seedlings .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: Pretreatment with 0 . 5 mM AsA or L-galactono-1 , 4-lactone ( GalL ) , the biosynthetic precursor of AsA , for 6 h resulted in an increase in the contents of AsA and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) , the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidized glutathione , and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase ( APX ) and glutathione reductase ( GR ) in the leaves of rice seedlings .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: CdCl2 ( 5 microM ) treatment was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of ascorbic acid ( AsA ) and AsA + dehydroascorbate ( DHA ) and in the ratios of AsA/DHA in leaves .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Moreover , the decrease in AsA content was prior to the occurrence of chlorosis and associated with the increase in MDA content in the leaves of seedlings treated with Cd .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to quantify the mRNA levels for OsAPX and OsGR genes from rice leaves to examine the effect of AsA or GalL pretreatment on the expression of OsAPX and OsGR genes in rice leaves .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The expression of OsAPX2 , OsAPX3 , OsAPX4 , OsAPX5 , OsAPX6 , OsAPX7 , and OsGR1 was increased by AsA or GalL pretreatment .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice seedlings pretreated with AsA or GalL were observed to reduce the subsequent Cd-induced toxicity .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest that AsA content may play a role in regulating Cd toxicity of rice seedlings .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Association between chromosome 9p21 variants and the ankle-brachial index identified by a meta-analysis of 21 genome-wide association studies .
| | Author: Murabito JM White CC Kavousi M Sun YV Feitosa MF Nambi V Lamina C Schillert A Coassin S Bis JC Broer L Crawford DC Franceschini N Frikke-Schmidt R Haun M Holewijn S Huffman JE Hwang SJ Kiechl S Kollerits B Montasser ME Nolte IM Rudock ME Senft A Teumer A van der Harst P Vitart V Waite LL Wood AR Wassel CL Absher DM Allison MA Amin N Arnold A Asselbergs FW Aulchenko Y Bandinelli S Barbalic M Boban M Brown-Gentry K Couper DJ Criqui MH Dehghan A den Heijer M Dieplinger B Ding J Dorr M Espinola-Klein C Felix SB Ferrucci L Folsom AR Fraedrich G Gibson Q Goodloe R Gunjaca G Haltmayer M Heiss G Hofman A Kieback A Kiemeney LA Kolcic I Kullo IJ Kritchevsky SB Lackner KJ Li X Lieb W Lohman K Meisinger C Melzer D Mohler ER 3rd Mudnic I Mueller T Navis G Oberhollenzer F Olin JW OConnell J ODonnell CJ Palmas W Penninx BW Petersmann A Polasek O Psaty BM Rantner B Rice K Rivadeneira F Rotter JI Seldenrijk A Stadler M Summerer M Tanaka T Tybjaerg-Hansen A Uitterlinden AG van Gilst WH Vermeulen SH Wild SH Wild PS Willeit J Zeller T Zemunik T Zgaga L Assimes TL Blankenberg S Boerwinkle E Campbell H Cooke JP de Graaf J Herrington D Kardia SL Mitchell BD Murray A Munzel T Newman AB Oostra BA Rudan I Shuldiner AR Snieder H van Duijn CM Volker U Wright AF Wichmann HE Wilson JF Witteman JC Liu Y Hayward C Borecki IB Ziegler A North KE Cupples LA Kronenberg F | | Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Genet Citation: V : 5 P : 100-12 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22199011 Accession (PMID): 22199011 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Genetic determinants of peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) remain largely unknown .
To identify genetic variants associated with the ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) , a noninvasive measure of PAD , we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 21 population-based cohorts .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Continuous ABI and PAD ( ABI association with ABI and PAD using additive genetic models .
Study-specific data were combined using fixed effects inverse variance weighted meta-analyses .
There were a total of 41 692 participants of European ancestry ( approximately 60% women , mean ABI 1 . 02 to 1 . 19 ) , including 3409 participants with PAD and with genome-wide association study data available .
In the discovery meta-analysis , rs10757269 on chromosome 9 near CDKN2B had the strongest association with ABI ( beta=-0 . 006 , P=2 . 46x10 ( -8 ) ) .
We sought replication of the 6 strongest SNP associations in 5 population-based studies and 3 clinical samples ( n=16 717 ) .
The association for rs10757269 strengthened in the combined discovery and replication analysis ( P=2 . 65x10 ( -9 ) ) .
No other SNP associations for ABI or PAD achieved genome-wide significance .
However , 2 previously reported candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP associated with coronary artery disease were associated with ABI : DAB21P ( rs13290547 , P=3 . 6x10 ( -5 ) ) , CYBA ( rs3794624 , P=6 . 3x10 ( -5 ) ) , and rs1122608 ( LDLR , P=0 . 0026 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : Genome-wide association studies in more than 40 000 individuals identified 1 genome wide significant association on chromosome 9p21 with ABI .
Two candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP for coronary artery disease are associated with ABI .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: To identify genetic variants associated with the ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) , a noninvasive measure of PAD , we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 21 population-based cohorts .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , 2 previously reported candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP associated with coronary artery disease were associated with ABI : DAB21P ( rs13290547 , P=3 . 6x10 ( -5 ) ) , CYBA ( rs3794624 , P=6 . 3x10 ( -5 ) ) , and rs1122608 ( LDLR , P=0 . 0026 ) .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Genome-wide association studies in more than 40 000 individuals identified 1 genome wide significant association on chromosome 9p21 with ABI .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Linear and logistic regression models were used to test each SNP for association with ABI and PAD using additive genetic models .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: There were a total of 41 692 participants of European ancestry ( approximately 60% women , mean ABI 1 . 02 to 1 . 19 ) , including 3409 participants with PAD and with genome-wide association study data available .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the discovery meta-analysis , rs10757269 on chromosome 9 near CDKN2B had the strongest association with ABI ( beta=-0 . 006 , P=2 . 46x10 ( -8 ) ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: We sought replication of the 6 strongest SNP associations in 5 population-based studies and 3 clinical samples ( n=16 717 ) .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The association for rs10757269 strengthened in the combined discovery and replication analysis ( P=2 . 65x10 ( -9 ) ) .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: No other SNP associations for ABI or PAD achieved genome-wide significance .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP for coronary artery disease are associated with ABI .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Smoking and genetic risk variation across populations of European , Asian , and African American ancestry--a meta-analysis of chromosome 15q25 .
| | Author: Chen LS Saccone NL Culverhouse RC Bracci PM Chen CH Dueker N Han Y Huang H Jin G Kohno T Ma JZ Przybeck TR Sanders AR Smith JA Sung YJ Wenzlaff AS Wu C Yoon D Chen YT Cheng YC Cho YS David SP Duan J Eaton CB Furberg H Goate AM Gu D Hansen HM Hartz S Hu Z Kim YJ Kittner SJ Levinson DF Mosley TH Payne TJ Rao DC Rice JP Rice TK Schwantes-An TH Shete SS Shi J Spitz MR Sun YV Tsai FJ Wang JC Wrensch MR Xian H Gejman PV He J Hunt SC Kardia SL Li MD Lin D Mitchell BD Park T Schwartz AG Shen H Wiencke JK Wu JY Yokota J Amos CI Bierut LJ | | Journal: Genet Epidemiol Citation: V : 36 P : 340-51 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22539395 Accession (PMID): 22539395 | | Abstract: Recent meta-analyses of European ancestry subjects show strong evidence for association between smoking quantity and multiple genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 .
This meta-analysis extends the examination of association between distinct genes in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region and smoking quantity to Asian and African American populations to confirm and refine specific reported associations .
Association results for a dichotomized cigarettes smoked per day phenotype in 27 datasets ( European ancestry ( N = 14 , 786 ) , Asian ( N = 6 , 889 ) , and African American ( N = 10 , 912 ) for a total of 32 , 587 smokers ) were meta-analyzed by population and results were compared across all three populations .
We demonstrate association between smoking quantity and markers in the chromosome 15q25 region across all three populations , and narrow the region of association .
Of the variants tested , only rs16969968 is associated with smoking ( P < 0 . 01 ) in each of these three populations ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1 . 33 , 95% CI = 1 . 25-1 . 42 , P = 1 . 1 x 10 ( -17 ) in meta-analysis across all population samples ) .
Additional variants displayed a consistent signal in both European ancestry and Asian datasets , but not in African Americans .
The observed consistent association of rs16969968 with heavy smoking across multiple populations , combined with its known biological significance , suggests rs16969968 is most likely a functional variant that alters risk for heavy smoking .
We interpret additional association results that differ across populations as providing evidence for additional functional variants , but we are unable to further localize the source of this association .
Using the cross-population study paradigm provides valuable insights to narrow regions of interest and inform future biological experiments .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: This meta-analysis extends the examination of association between distinct genes in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region and smoking quantity to Asian and African American populations to confirm and refine specific reported associations .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Association results for a dichotomized cigarettes smoked per day phenotype in 27 datasets ( European ancestry ( N = 14 , 786 ) , Asian ( N = 6 , 889 ) , and African American ( N = 10 , 912 ) for a total of 32 , 587 smokers ) were meta-analyzed by population and results were compared across all three populations .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: We demonstrate association between smoking quantity and markers in the chromosome 15q25 region across all three populations , and narrow the region of association .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: We interpret additional association results that differ across populations as providing evidence for additional functional variants , but we are unable to further localize the source of this association .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent meta-analyses of European ancestry subjects show strong evidence for association between smoking quantity and multiple genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of the variants tested , only rs16969968 is associated with smoking ( P < 0 . 01 ) in each of these three populations ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1 . 33 , 95% CI = 1 . 25-1 . 42 , P = 1 . 1 x 10 ( -17 ) in meta-analysis across all population samples ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additional variants displayed a consistent signal in both European ancestry and Asian datasets , but not in African Americans .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The observed consistent association of rs16969968 with heavy smoking across multiple populations , combined with its known biological significance , suggests rs16969968 is most likely a functional variant that alters risk for heavy smoking .
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Score: 12.00 |
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| Title: Alternative splicing at NAGNAG acceptor sites shares common properties in land plants and mammals .
| | Author: Iida K Shionyu M Suso Y | | Journal: Mol Biol Evol Citation: V : 25 P : 709-18 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18234709 Accession (PMID): 18234709 | | Abstract: In recent years , several papers have reported that a special type of alternative splicing ( AS ) event occurs at the tandem 3 splice site , termed the "NAGNAG acceptor . " This type of AS event ( termed AS-NAGNAG ) is well studied in both human and mouse .
To illustrate the significance of AS-NAGNAG events , we focused on their occurrence in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa ( rice ) .
Our study is the first genome-wide approach examining AS-NAGNAG events in land plants .
Based on transcripts and genomic sequences , we found 321 and 372 AS-NAGNAG events in Arabidopsis and rice , respectively .
These events were significantly enriched in genes encoding DNA-binding proteins , and more than half of all AS-NAGNAG events affected polar amino acid residues .
The observed properties of AS-NAGNAG events in plants were similar to those seen in mammals .
These results showed that AS-NAGNAG events may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning of DNA-binding proteins in both mammals and land plants .
We found 7 gene groups of AS-NAGNAG events that were conserved between Arabidopsis and rice , including 2 groups for RNA-binding proteins .
Conservation of the events for RNA-binding proteins is a property also seen in mammals .
Furthermore , we found 23 gene groups containing AS-NAGNAG events that occurred in noncorresponding introns of homologous genes .
They included 5 groups of DNA-binding proteins , whose number was larger than expected .
We think there is a bias with which AS-NAGNAG events are fixed in genes for DNA-binding proteins .
Our analysis showed that AS-NAGNAG events found in land plants share similar properties with those in mammals .
Based on our results , we propose that AS-NAGNAG events are likely to be a common mechanism in the fine-tuning of protein functions , especially DNA/RNA-binding proteins , in both mammals and plants .
Their role might contribute to the construction of complicated transcriptomes and proteomes in the evolutionary history of mammals and land plants .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In recent years , several papers have reported that a special type of alternative splicing ( AS ) event occurs at the tandem 3 splice site , termed the "NAGNAG acceptor . " This type of AS event ( termed AS-NAGNAG ) is well studied in both human and mouse .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To illustrate the significance of AS-NAGNAG events , we focused on their occurrence in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa ( rice ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study is the first genome-wide approach examining AS-NAGNAG events in land plants .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on transcripts and genomic sequences , we found 321 and 372 AS-NAGNAG events in Arabidopsis and rice , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: These events were significantly enriched in genes encoding DNA-binding proteins , and more than half of all AS-NAGNAG events affected polar amino acid residues .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The observed properties of AS-NAGNAG events in plants were similar to those seen in mammals .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results showed that AS-NAGNAG events may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning of DNA-binding proteins in both mammals and land plants .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found 7 gene groups of AS-NAGNAG events that were conserved between Arabidopsis and rice , including 2 groups for RNA-binding proteins .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , we found 23 gene groups containing AS-NAGNAG events that occurred in noncorresponding introns of homologous genes .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: We think there is a bias with which AS-NAGNAG events are fixed in genes for DNA-binding proteins .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our analysis showed that AS-NAGNAG events found in land plants share similar properties with those in mammals .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on our results , we propose that AS-NAGNAG events are likely to be a common mechanism in the fine-tuning of protein functions , especially DNA/RNA-binding proteins , in both mammals and plants .
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Score: 12.00 |
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| Title: Associations between common fibrinogen gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease in older adults .
The Cardiovascular Health Study .
| | Author: Carty CL Cushman M Jones D Lange LA Hindorff LA Rice K Jenny NS Durda JP Walston J Carlson CS Nickerson D Tracy RP Reiner AP | | Journal: Thromb Haemost Citation: V : 99 P : 388-95 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18278190 Accession (PMID): 18278190 | | Abstract: Elevated plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , but associations between fibrinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) and disease risk are inconsistent .
We investigated whether common ( > or = 5% minor allele frequency ) variation in the fibrinogen genes ( FGA , FGB , FGG ) is associated with fibrinogen concentration , carotid artery intima-medial thickness ( IMT ) and risk of incident myocardial infarction ( MI ) , ischemic stroke and CVD mortality in European ( EA ) and African-descent ( AA ) adults ( > or = 65 years ) from the Cardiovascular Health Study .
TagSNPs were genotyped in 3 , 969 EA and 719 AA free of MI or stroke at baseline .
Race-specific models included multiple testing correction and adjustment for sex , age and site .
Among EA , minor alleles of FGA3807 , FGB1437 and FGG902 were associated with higher fibrinogen levels ; whereas FGA251 , FGA2224 , FGA6534 and FGG10034 were associated with lower levels , p<0 . 004 for each .
Strongest associations were seen for FGB1437 ; each additional copy of the minor allele was associated with 13 mg/dl ( 95%CI : 9-16 ) higher fibrinogen level .
Similar trends in AA were not significant .
Fibrinogen haplotypes were not significantly associated with internal or common carotid IMT .
No associations with MI or CVD mortality were seen in EA , though FGB1038 and FGG902 were significantly associated with increased and decreased risk of stroke in men , respectively , as were related haplotypes .
FGB1038 was also associated with CVD mortality in AA , HR = 1 . 9 ( 95%CI : 1 . 3-2 . 7 ) .
In conclusion , while fibrinogen genetic variation was strongly associated with fibrinogen levels , there was less evidence of association with the more complex outcomes of IMT and CVD events .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Among EA , minor alleles of FGA3807 , FGB1437 and FGG902 were associated with higher fibrinogen levels ; whereas FGA251 , FGA2224 , FGA6534 and FGG10034 were associated with lower levels , p<0 . 004 for each .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Strongest associations were seen for FGB1437 ; each additional copy of the minor allele was associated with 13 mg/dl ( 95%CI : 9-16 ) higher fibrinogen level .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: No associations with MI or CVD mortality were seen in EA , though FGB1038 and FGG902 were significantly associated with increased and decreased risk of stroke in men , respectively , as were related haplotypes .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: In conclusion , while fibrinogen genetic variation was strongly associated with fibrinogen levels , there was less evidence of association with the more complex outcomes of IMT and CVD events .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Elevated plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , but associations between fibrinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) and disease risk are inconsistent .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated whether common ( > or = 5% minor allele frequency ) variation in the fibrinogen genes ( FGA , FGB , FGG ) is associated with fibrinogen concentration , carotid artery intima-medial thickness ( IMT ) and risk of incident myocardial infarction ( MI ) , ischemic stroke and CVD mortality in European ( EA ) and African-descent ( AA ) adults ( > or = 65 years ) from the Cardiovascular Health Study .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fibrinogen haplotypes were not significantly associated with internal or common carotid IMT .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: FGB1038 was also associated with CVD mortality in AA , HR = 1 . 9 ( 95%CI : 1 . 3-2 . 7 ) .
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Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Removal of iron from groundwater by ash : a systematic study of a traditional method .
| | Author: Das B Hazarika P Saikia G Kalita H Goswami DC Das HB Dube SN Dutta RK .
| | Journal: J Hazard . Mater . Citation: V : 141 ( 3 ) P : 834-41 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16956716 Accession (PMID): 16956716 | | Abstract: A traditional method for removal of iron from ground water by using ash has been systematically investigated .
Ashes from five different sources , viz . , banana rind , banana pseudostem , banana leaf , rice husk and bamboo has been studied .
The principle applied is enhanced precipitation of iron at high pH caused by ash .
The study included laboratory analysis of some relevant chemical parameters of the ashes and the efficiency of the ashes in removing iron from prefabricated water with respect to quantity of ash and corresponding increase in pH of water .
The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to be most suitable for removal of iron .
A low-cost and easily made iron removal system for household use has been designed and tested in the laboratory .
The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to remove iron to below 0 . 3ppm without increasing the pH above the acceptable limit .
The optimum values of the different parameters for removal of iron are 200-300mgl ( -1 ) ash , 1 . 0lh ( -1 ) flow rate and 1h of contact time with ash for groundwater having [ Fe ] of about 2 . 20ppm .
The amount of ash can be increased for groundwater having higher [ Fe ] and can be decreased gradually during continuous use of the system .
Acceptability of the method has been examined based on chemical analysis of the treated water .
Increase in the essential minerals such as Ca , K has been observed in the water after treatment .
The designed iron removing system is expected to be suitable for household use .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: The study included laboratory analysis of some relevant chemical parameters of the ashes and the efficiency of the ashes in removing iron from prefabricated water with respect to quantity of ash and corresponding increase in pH of water .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The optimum values of the different parameters for removal of iron are 200-300mgl ( -1 ) ash , 1 . 0lh ( -1 ) flow rate and 1h of contact time with ash for groundwater having [ Fe ] of about 2 . 20ppm .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A traditional method for removal of iron from ground water by using ash has been systematically investigated .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ashes from five different sources , viz . , banana rind , banana pseudostem , banana leaf , rice husk and bamboo has been studied .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The principle applied is enhanced precipitation of iron at high pH caused by ash .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to be most suitable for removal of iron .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to remove iron to below 0 . 3ppm without increasing the pH above the acceptable limit .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amount of ash can be increased for groundwater having higher [ Fe ] and can be decreased gradually during continuous use of the system .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking among women of the E3N-EPIC cohort .
| | Author: Touvier M Niravong M Volatier JL Lafay L Lioret S Clavel-Chapelon F Boutron-Ruault MC | | Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Citation: V : 63 P : 39-47 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17882135 Accession (PMID): 17882135 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES : An understanding of the relationships between dietary habits and supplement use or smoking is useful for aetiological studies and surveillance purposes .
The objective of this study is to describe dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking habits in French women .
METHODS : Scores for dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis in 64 , 252 women from the French E3N-EPIC cohort .
The association with supplement and tobacco use was investigated by logistic regression analysis .
RESULTS : We identified three dietary patterns : processed meat/starchy foods ( fast foods , processed meat , rice/pasta/semolina and cakes and few vegetables ) ; fruit/vegetables ( fruits , vegetables , seafood , vegetable oils and yoghurt ) ; and alcohol/meat products ( alcohol , meat and meat products , and coffee , and few fruits and soup ) .
Supplement use was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( multivariate OR for quartile 4 versus 1 ( OR ( 4 ) ) =1 . 55 , 95% confidence interval : 1 . 47-1 . 63 ) , and inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 84 ; 0 . 80-0 . 89 ) and alcohol/meat products ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 69 ; 0 . 66-0 . 73 ) patterns ( P trend for all associations <0 . 0001 ) .
As compared with never smoking , current smoking was inversely associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 85 ; 0 . 78-0 . 92 ) , while former smoking was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =1 . 32 ; 1 . 25-1 . 40 ) ; both current and former smoking were inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 57 ; 0 . 53-0 . 62 and 0 . 64 ; 0 . 60-0 . 67 , respectively ) ; whereas current and former smoking were both strongly positively associated with the alcohol/meat products pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =5 . 78 ; 5 . 26-6 . 36 and 2 . 03 ; 1 . 91-2 . 15 , respectively ) ; P trend for all associations was <0 . 001 .
CONCLUSIONS : Supplement use and smoking are strongly associated with dietary patterns .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 5.00 ]: As compared with never smoking , current smoking was inversely associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 85 ; 0 . 78-0 . 92 ) , while former smoking was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =1 . 32 ; 1 . 25-1 . 40 ) ; both current and former smoking were inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 57 ; 0 . 53-0 . 62 and 0 . 64 ; 0 . 60-0 . 67 , respectively ) ; whereas current and former smoking were both strongly positively associated with the alcohol/meat products pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =5 . 78 ; 5 . 26-6 . 36 and 2 . 03 ; 1 . 91-2 . 15 , respectively ) ; P trend for all associations was <0 . 001 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Supplement use was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( multivariate OR for quartile 4 versus 1 ( OR ( 4 ) ) =1 . 55 , 95% confidence interval : 1 . 47-1 . 63 ) , and inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 84 ; 0 . 80-0 . 89 ) and alcohol/meat products ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 69 ; 0 . 66-0 . 73 ) patterns ( P trend for all associations <0 . 0001 ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objective of this study is to describe dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking habits in French women .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The association with supplement and tobacco use was investigated by logistic regression analysis .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Supplement use and smoking are strongly associated with dietary patterns .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Cholesterol ester transfer protein , interleukin-8 , peroxisome proliferator activator receptor alpha , and Toll-like receptor 4 genetic variations and risk of incident nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke .
| | Author: Enquobahrie DA Smith NL Bis JC Carty CL Rice KM Lumley T Hindorff LA Lemaitre RN Williams MA Siscovick DS Heckbert SR Psaty BM | | Journal: Am J Cardiol Citation: V : 101 P : 1683-8 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18549840 Accession (PMID): 18549840 | | Abstract: Variations in candidate genes participating in oxidative stress , inflammation , and their interactions are potentially associated with diseases of atherosclerotic origin .
We investigated independent and joint associations of variations in cholesterol ester transfer protein ( CETP ) , interleukin-8 ( IL8 ) , peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha ( PPARA ) , and Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) genes with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction ( MI ) or ischemic stroke .
In a population-based case-control study , patients ( 848 with MI and 368 with ischemic stroke ) and controls ( 2 , 682 ) were recruited from postmenopausal women and hypertensive men/women who were members of Group Health in western Washington State .
Common tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ; n=34 ) representing gene-wide variations were selected from gene sequencing data using pairwise linkage disequilibrium .
Haplotypes were inferred using a modified expectation maximization algorithm .
Multivariate logistic regression evaluated individual haplotype and SNP-disease associations in log-additive models .
Global haplotype tests assessed overall gene-disease associations .
Logic regression was used to evaluate gene-gene interactions .
False discovery rates and permutation tests were used for multiple testing adjustment in evaluating independent associations and interactions , respectively .
Overall , gene-wide variations in PPARA and TLR4 genes were associated with MI .
The minor allele of the PPARA SNP , rs4253623 , was associated with a higher risk of MI ( odds ratio 1 . 25 , 95% confidence interval 1 . 08 to 1 . 46 ) , whereas the minor allele of the TLR4 SNP , rs1927911 , was associated with a lower risk of MI ( odds ratio 0 . 88 , 95% confidence interval 0 . 77 to 0 . 99 ) .
No within-gene or gene-gene interaction was associated with MI or ischemic stroke risk .
In conclusion , potential SNP-disease associations identified in the present study are novel and need further investigation .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Global haplotype tests assessed overall gene-disease associations .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: The minor allele of the PPARA SNP , rs4253623 , was associated with a higher risk of MI ( odds ratio 1 . 25 , 95% confidence interval 1 . 08 to 1 . 46 ) , whereas the minor allele of the TLR4 SNP , rs1927911 , was associated with a lower risk of MI ( odds ratio 0 . 88 , 95% confidence interval 0 . 77 to 0 . 99 ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Variations in candidate genes participating in oxidative stress , inflammation , and their interactions are potentially associated with diseases of atherosclerotic origin .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated independent and joint associations of variations in cholesterol ester transfer protein ( CETP ) , interleukin-8 ( IL8 ) , peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha ( PPARA ) , and Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) genes with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction ( MI ) or ischemic stroke .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Multivariate logistic regression evaluated individual haplotype and SNP-disease associations in log-additive models .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: False discovery rates and permutation tests were used for multiple testing adjustment in evaluating independent associations and interactions , respectively .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overall , gene-wide variations in PPARA and TLR4 genes were associated with MI .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: No within-gene or gene-gene interaction was associated with MI or ischemic stroke risk .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: In conclusion , potential SNP-disease associations identified in the present study are novel and need further investigation .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
