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| Title: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network , United States , 2006 .
| | Author: | | Journal: MMWR Surveill Summ Citation: V : 58 P : 1-20 . Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20023608 | | Abstract: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by atypical development in socialization , communication , and behavior .
ASDs typically are apparent before age 3 years , with associated impairments affecting multiple areas of a persons life .
Because no biologic marker exists for ASDs , identification is made by professionals who evaluate a childs developmental progress to identify the presence of developmental disorders .
REPORTING PERIOD : 2006 .
METHODS : Earlier surveillance efforts indicated that age 8 years is a reasonable index age at which to monitor peak prevalence .
The identified prevalence of ASDs in US children aged 8 years was estimated through a systematic retrospective review of evaluation records in multiple sites participating in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network .
Data were collected from existing records in 11 ADDM Network sites ( areas of Alabama , Arizona , Colorado , Florida , Georgia , Maryland , Missouri , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , South Carolina , and Wisconsin ) for 2006 .
To analyze changes in identified ASD prevalence , CDC compared the 2006 data with data collected from 10 sites ( all sites noted above except Florida ) in 2002 .
Children aged 8 years with a notation of an ASD or descriptions consistent with an ASD were identified through screening and abstraction of existing health and education records containing professional assessments of the childs developmental progress at health-care or education facilities .
Children aged 8 years whose parent ( s ) or legal guardian ( s ) resided in the respective areas in 2006 met the case definition for an ASD if their records documented behaviors consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th edition , text revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) criteria for autistic disorder , pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified ( PDD NOS ) , or Asperger disorder .
Presence of an identified ASD was determined through a review of data abstracted from developmental evaluation records by trained clinician reviewers .
RESULTS : For the 2006 surveillance year , 2 , 757 ( 0 . 9% ) of 307 , 790 children aged 8 years residing in the 11 ADDM sites were identified as having an ASD , indicating an overall average prevalence of 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 population ( 95% confidence interval [ CI ] = 8 . 6-9 . 3 ) .
ASD prevalence per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ranged from 4 . 2 in Florida to 12 . 1 in Arizona and Missouri , with prevalence for the majority of sites ranging between 7 . 6 and 10 . 4 .
For 2006 , ASD prevalence was significantly lower in Florida ( p<0 . 001 ) and Alabama ( p<0 . 05 ) and higher in Arizona and Missouri ( p<0 . 05 ) than in all other sites .
The ratio of males to females ranged from 3 . 2 : 1 in Alabama to 7 . 6 : 1 in Florida .
ASD prevalence varied by type of ascertainment source , with higher average prevalence in sites with access to health and education records ( 10 . 0 ) compared with sites with health records only ( 7 . 5 ) .
Although parental or professional concerns regarding development before age 36 months were noted in the evaluation records of the majority of children who were identified as having an ASD , the median age of earliest documented ASD diagnosis was much later ( range : 41 months [ Florida ] -60 months [ Colorado ] ) .
Of 10 sites that collected data for both the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years , nine observed an increase in ASD prevalence ( range : 27%-95% increase ; p<0 . 01 ) , with increases among males in all sites and among females in four of 11 sites , and variation among other subgroups .
INTERPRETATION : In 2006 , on average , approximately 1% or one child in every 110 in the 11 ADDM sites was classified as having an ASD ( approximate range : 1 : 80-1 : 240 children [ males : 1 : 70 ; females : 1 : 315 ] ) .
The average prevalence of ASDs identified among children aged 8 years increased 57% in 10 sites from the 2002 to the 2006 ADDM surveillance year .
Although improved ascertainment accounts for some of the prevalence increases documented in the ADDM sites , a true increase in the risk for children to develop ASD symptoms can not be ruled out .
On average , although delays in identification persisted , ASDs were being diagnosed by community professionals at earlier ages in 2006 than in 2002 .
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS : These results indicate an increased prevalence of identified ASDs among US children aged 8 years and underscore the need to regard ASDs as an urgent public health concern .
Continued monitoring is needed to document and understand changes over time , including the multiple ascertainment and potential risk factors likely to be contributing .
Research is needed to ascertain the factors that put certain persons at risk , and concerted efforts are essential to provide support for persons with ASDs , their families , and communities to improve long-term outcome .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Children aged 8 years with a notation of an ASD or descriptions consistent with an ASD were identified through screening and abstraction of existing health and education records containing professional assessments of the childs developmental progress at health-care or education facilities .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: ASDs typically are apparent before age 3 years , with associated impairments affecting multiple areas of a persons life .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Children aged 8 years whose parent ( s ) or legal guardian ( s ) resided in the respective areas in 2006 met the case definition for an ASD if their records documented behaviors consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th edition , text revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) criteria for autistic disorder , pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified ( PDD NOS ) , or Asperger disorder .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 2.00 ]: ASD prevalence varied by type of ascertainment source , with higher average prevalence in sites with access to health and education records ( 10 . 0 ) compared with sites with health records only ( 7 . 5 ) .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 2.00 ]: Although parental or professional concerns regarding development before age 36 months were noted in the evaluation records of the majority of children who were identified as having an ASD , the median age of earliest documented ASD diagnosis was much later ( range : 41 months [ Florida ] -60 months [ Colorado ] ) .
[ Sen. 21, subscore: 2.00 ]: Although improved ascertainment accounts for some of the prevalence increases documented in the ADDM sites , a true increase in the risk for children to develop ASD symptoms can not be ruled out .
[ Sen. 23, subscore: 2.00 ]: PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS : These results indicate an increased prevalence of identified ASDs among US children aged 8 years and underscore the need to regard ASDs as an urgent public health concern .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 2.00 ]: Research is needed to ascertain the factors that put certain persons at risk , and concerted efforts are essential to provide support for persons with ASDs , their families , and communities to improve long-term outcome .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by atypical development in socialization , communication , and behavior .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Because no biologic marker exists for ASDs , identification is made by professionals who evaluate a childs developmental progress to identify the presence of developmental disorders .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The identified prevalence of ASDs in US children aged 8 years was estimated through a systematic retrospective review of evaluation records in multiple sites participating in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: To analyze changes in identified ASD prevalence , CDC compared the 2006 data with data collected from 10 sites ( all sites noted above except Florida ) in 2002 .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Presence of an identified ASD was determined through a review of data abstracted from developmental evaluation records by trained clinician reviewers .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : For the 2006 surveillance year , 2 , 757 ( 0 . 9% ) of 307 , 790 children aged 8 years residing in the 11 ADDM sites were identified as having an ASD , indicating an overall average prevalence of 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 population ( 95% confidence interval [ CI ] = 8 . 6-9 . 3 ) .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: ASD prevalence per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ranged from 4 . 2 in Florida to 12 . 1 in Arizona and Missouri , with prevalence for the majority of sites ranging between 7 . 6 and 10 . 4 .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: For 2006 , ASD prevalence was significantly lower in Florida ( p<0 . 001 ) and Alabama ( p<0 . 05 ) and higher in Arizona and Missouri ( p<0 . 05 ) than in all other sites .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of 10 sites that collected data for both the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years , nine observed an increase in ASD prevalence ( range : 27%-95% increase ; p<0 . 01 ) , with increases among males in all sites and among females in four of 11 sites , and variation among other subgroups .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: INTERPRETATION : In 2006 , on average , approximately 1% or one child in every 110 in the 11 ADDM sites was classified as having an ASD ( approximate range : 1 : 80-1 : 240 children [ males : 1 : 70 ; females : 1 : 315 ] ) .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: The average prevalence of ASDs identified among children aged 8 years increased 57% in 10 sites from the 2002 to the 2006 ADDM surveillance year .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: On average , although delays in identification persisted , ASDs were being diagnosed by community professionals at earlier ages in 2006 than in 2002 .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: Continued monitoring is needed to document and understand changes over time , including the multiple ascertainment and potential risk factors likely to be contributing .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 30.00 |
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| Title: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders--Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network , 14 sites , United States , 2008 .
| | Author: | | Journal: MMWR Surveill Summ Citation: V : 61 P : 1-19 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22456193 | | Abstract: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted , repetitive , and stereotyped patterns of behavior .
Symptoms typically are apparent before age 3 years .
The complex nature of these disorders , coupled with a lack of biologic markers for diagnosis and changes in clinical definitions over time , creates challenges in monitoring the prevalence of ASDs .
Accurate reporting of data is essential to understand the prevalence of ASDs in the population and can help direct research .
PERIOD COVERED : 2008 .
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM : The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network is an active surveillance system that estimates the prevalence of ASDs and describes other characteristics among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians reside within 14 ADDM sites in the United States .
ADDM does not rely on professional or family reporting of an existing ASD diagnosis or classification to ascertain case status .
Instead , information is obtained from childrens evaluation records to determine the presence of ASD symptoms at any time from birth through the end of the year when the child reaches age 8 years .
ADDM focuses on children aged 8 years because a baseline study conducted by CDC demonstrated that this is the age of identified peak prevalence .
A child is included as meeting the surveillance case definition for an ASD if he or she displays behaviors ( as described on a comprehensive evaluation completed by a qualified professional ) consistent with the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV , Text Revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) diagnostic criteria for any of the following conditions : Autistic Disorder ; Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified ( PDD-NOS , including Atypical Autism ) ; or Asperger Disorder .
The first phase of the ADDM methodology involves screening and abstraction of comprehensive evaluations completed by professional providers at multiple data sources in the community .
Multiple data sources are included , ranging from general pediatric health clinics to specialized programs for children with developmental disabilities .
In addition , many ADDM sites also review and abstract records of children receiving special education services in public schools .
In the second phase of the study , all abstracted evaluations are reviewed by trained clinicians to determine ASD case status .
Because the case definition and surveillance methods have remained consistent across all ADDM surveillance years to date , comparisons to results for earlier surveillance years can be made .
This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates from the 2008 surveillance year , representing 14 ADDM areas in the United States .
In addition to prevalence estimates , characteristics of the population of children with ASDs are described , as well as detailed comparisons of the 2008 surveillance year findings with those for the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years .
RESULTS : For 2008 , the overall estimated prevalence of ASDs among the 14 ADDM sites was 11 . 3 per 1 , 000 ( one in 88 ) children aged 8 years who were living in these communities during 2008 .
Overall ASD prevalence estimates varied widely across all sites ( range : 4 . 8-21 . 2 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ) .
ASD prevalence estimates also varied widely by sex and by racial/ethnic group .
Approximately one in 54 boys and one in 252 girls living in the ADDM Network communities were identified as having ASDs .
Comparison of 2008 findings with those for earlier surveillance years indicated an increase in estimated ASD prevalence of 23% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2006 ( from 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2006 to 11 . 0 in 2008 for the 11 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) and an estimated increase of 78% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2002 ( from 6 . 4 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2002 to 11 . 4 in 2008 for the 13 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) .
Because the ADDM Network sites do not make up a nationally representative sample , these combined prevalence estimates should not be generalized to the United States as a whole .
INTERPRETATION : These data confirm that the estimated prevalence of ASDs identified in the ADDM network surveillance populations continues to increase .
The extent to which these increases reflect better case ascertainment as a result of increases in awareness and access to services or true increases in prevalence of ASD symptoms is not known .
ASDs continue to be an important public health concern in the United States , underscoring the need for continued resources to identify potential risk factors and to provide essential supports for persons with ASDs and their families .
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION : Given substantial increases in ASD prevalence estimates over a relatively short period , overall and within various subgroups of the population , continued monitoring is needed to quantify and understand these patterns .
With 5 biennial surveillance years completed in the past decade , the ADDM Network continues to monitor prevalence and characteristics of ASDs and other developmental disabilities for the 2010 surveillance year .
Further work is needed to evaluate multiple factors contributing to increases in estimated ASD prevalence over time .
ADDM Network investigators continue to explore these factors , with a focus on understanding disparities in the identification of ASDs among certain subgroups and on how these disparities have contributed to changes in the estimated prevalence of ASDs .
CDC is partnering with other federal and private partners in a coordinated response to identify risk factors for ASDs and to meet the needs of persons with ASDs and their families .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: A child is included as meeting the surveillance case definition for an ASD if he or she displays behaviors ( as described on a comprehensive evaluation completed by a qualified professional ) consistent with the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV , Text Revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) diagnostic criteria for any of the following conditions : Autistic Disorder ; Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified ( PDD-NOS , including Atypical Autism ) ; or Asperger Disorder .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: ADDM does not rely on professional or family reporting of an existing ASD diagnosis or classification to ascertain case status .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 2.00 ]: The extent to which these increases reflect better case ascertainment as a result of increases in awareness and access to services or true increases in prevalence of ASD symptoms is not known .
[ Sen. 26, subscore: 2.00 ]: ASDs continue to be an important public health concern in the United States , underscoring the need for continued resources to identify potential risk factors and to provide essential supports for persons with ASDs and their families .
[ Sen. 30, subscore: 2.00 ]: ADDM Network investigators continue to explore these factors , with a focus on understanding disparities in the identification of ASDs among certain subgroups and on how these disparities have contributed to changes in the estimated prevalence of ASDs .
[ Sen. 31, subscore: 2.00 ]: CDC is partnering with other federal and private partners in a coordinated response to identify risk factors for ASDs and to meet the needs of persons with ASDs and their families .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: PROBLEM/CONDITION : Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted , repetitive , and stereotyped patterns of behavior .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The complex nature of these disorders , coupled with a lack of biologic markers for diagnosis and changes in clinical definitions over time , creates challenges in monitoring the prevalence of ASDs .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Accurate reporting of data is essential to understand the prevalence of ASDs in the population and can help direct research .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM : The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network is an active surveillance system that estimates the prevalence of ASDs and describes other characteristics among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians reside within 14 ADDM sites in the United States .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Instead , information is obtained from childrens evaluation records to determine the presence of ASD symptoms at any time from birth through the end of the year when the child reaches age 8 years .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the second phase of the study , all abstracted evaluations are reviewed by trained clinicians to determine ASD case status .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates from the 2008 surveillance year , representing 14 ADDM areas in the United States .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition to prevalence estimates , characteristics of the population of children with ASDs are described , as well as detailed comparisons of the 2008 surveillance year findings with those for the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : For 2008 , the overall estimated prevalence of ASDs among the 14 ADDM sites was 11 . 3 per 1 , 000 ( one in 88 ) children aged 8 years who were living in these communities during 2008 .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overall ASD prevalence estimates varied widely across all sites ( range : 4 . 8-21 . 2 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years ) .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: ASD prevalence estimates also varied widely by sex and by racial/ethnic group .
[ Sen. 21, subscore: 1.00 ]: Approximately one in 54 boys and one in 252 girls living in the ADDM Network communities were identified as having ASDs .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of 2008 findings with those for earlier surveillance years indicated an increase in estimated ASD prevalence of 23% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2006 ( from 9 . 0 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2006 to 11 . 0 in 2008 for the 11 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) and an estimated increase of 78% when the 2008 data were compared with the data for 2002 ( from 6 . 4 per 1 , 000 children aged 8 years in 2002 to 11 . 4 in 2008 for the 13 sites that provided data for both surveillance years ) .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: INTERPRETATION : These data confirm that the estimated prevalence of ASDs identified in the ADDM network surveillance populations continues to increase .
[ Sen. 27, subscore: 1.00 ]: PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION : Given substantial increases in ASD prevalence estimates over a relatively short period , overall and within various subgroups of the population , continued monitoring is needed to quantify and understand these patterns .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: With 5 biennial surveillance years completed in the past decade , the ADDM Network continues to monitor prevalence and characteristics of ASDs and other developmental disabilities for the 2010 surveillance year .
[ Sen. 29, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further work is needed to evaluate multiple factors contributing to increases in estimated ASD prevalence over time .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 23.00 |
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| Title: Candidatus Phytoplasma , a taxon for the wall-less , non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects .
| | Author: . | | Journal: Int .
J Syst Evol Microbiol .
Citation: V : 54 ( Pt 4 ) P : 1243-55 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15280299 | | Abstract: The trivial name phytoplasma has been adopted to collectively name wall-less , non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects , which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms .
Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro , phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct , monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes .
It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus Candidatus ( Ca . ) Phytoplasma .
Given the diversity within Ca .
Phytoplasma , several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share <97 . 5% similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences .
This report describes the properties of Ca .
Phytoplasma , a taxon that includes the species Ca .
Phytoplasma aurantifolia ( the prokaryote associated with witches-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma australiense ( associated with Australian grapevine yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma fraxini ( associated with ash yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma japonicum ( associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma brasiliense ( associated with hibiscus witches-broom in Brazil ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma castaneae ( associated with chestnut witches-broom in Korea ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma asteris ( associated with aster yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma mali ( associated with apple proliferation ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma phoenicium ( associated with almond lethal disease ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma trifolii ( associated with clover proliferation ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma cynodontis ( associated with Bermuda grass white leaf ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma ziziphi ( associated with jujube witches-broom ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma oryzae ( associated with rice yellow dwarf ) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed ( for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach , grapevine flavescence dore , Central American coconut lethal yellows , Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut , Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches-broom , respectively ) .
Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that , despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97 . 5% similar to those of other Ca .
Phytoplasma species , are characterized by distinctive biological , phytopathological and genetic properties .
These include Ca .
Phytoplasma pyri ( associated with pear decline ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma prunorum ( associated with European stone fruit yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma spartii ( associated with spartium witches-broom ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma rhamni ( associated with buckthorn witches-broom ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma allocasuarinae ( associated with allocasuarina yellows ) , Ca .
Phytoplasma ulmi ( associated with elm yellows ) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma .
Conversely , some organisms , despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being <97 . 5% similar to that of any other Ca .
Phytoplasma species , are not presently described as Candidatus species , due to their poor overall characterization .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 3.00 ]: Phytoplasma asteris ( associated with aster yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Phytoplasma fraxini ( associated with ash yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 2.00 ]: Phytoplasma oryzae ( associated with rice yellow dwarf ) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed ( for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach , grapevine flavescence dore , Central American coconut lethal yellows , Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut , Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches-broom , respectively ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma aurantifolia ( the prokaryote associated with witches-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma australiense ( associated with Australian grapevine yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma japonicum ( associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma brasiliense ( associated with hibiscus witches-broom in Brazil ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma castaneae ( associated with chestnut witches-broom in Korea ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma mali ( associated with apple proliferation ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma phoenicium ( associated with almond lethal disease ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma trifolii ( associated with clover proliferation ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma cynodontis ( associated with Bermuda grass white leaf ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma ziziphi ( associated with jujube witches-broom ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma pyri ( associated with pear decline ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma prunorum ( associated with European stone fruit yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 26, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma spartii ( associated with spartium witches-broom ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 27, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma rhamni ( associated with buckthorn witches-broom ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma allocasuarinae ( associated with allocasuarina yellows ) , Ca .
[ Sen. 29, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoplasma ulmi ( associated with elm yellows ) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 17.00 |
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| Title: Racial and ethnic differences in adult asthma prevalence , problems , and medical care .
| | Author: Gorman BK Chu M | | Journal: Ethn Health Citation: V : 14 P : 527-52 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19533477 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : We document the extent to which racial and ethnic differences exist in asthma prevalence among US adults , and among asthmatic adults , we document racial differences in asthma problems and asthma-related medical care .
We also explore potential explanations for racial and ethnic disparities in each outcome .
DESIGN : Using data on a 24-state sample of white , black , Hispanic , Asian , and Native American adults from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , we examine race/ethnic differences in asthma prevalence , problems ( had an asthma attack last year ; asthma symptoms ; sleep difficulties ; activities limited because of asthma ) , and asthma-related medical care ( number of routine doctor visits ; medication use ; urgent doctor visits ; visited an emergency room for asthma-related care last year ) .
We then explore whether any observed disparities are due to differences in demographic characteristics , socioeconomic status , health behavior , and environmental conditions across racial/ethnic groups .
RESULTS : Asthma prevalence is lowest among Asian and Hispanic adults , and highest among black and Native American adults .
Considerable racial/ethnic differences in asthma-related problems and medical care are also present , with Asians doing as well or better than whites , while blacks , Hispanics , and especially Native Americans report more asthma-related problems and medical care use .
For some groups ( ie , Asians and Hispanics ) , we were mostly unable to explain away observed differences with white adults with adjustment for potential explanatory mechanisms , while for other groups ( ie , blacks and Native Americans ) adjusting for socioeconomic status and air quality accounted for much of the observed disparity with whites .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 7.00 ]: DESIGN : Using data on a 24-state sample of white , black , Hispanic , Asian , and Native American adults from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , we examine race/ethnic differences in asthma prevalence , problems ( had an asthma attack last year ; asthma symptoms ; sleep difficulties ; activities limited because of asthma ) , and asthma-related medical care ( number of routine doctor visits ; medication use ; urgent doctor visits ; visited an emergency room for asthma-related care last year ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 4.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : We document the extent to which racial and ethnic differences exist in asthma prevalence among US adults , and among asthmatic adults , we document racial differences in asthma problems and asthma-related medical care .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Considerable racial/ethnic differences in asthma-related problems and medical care are also present , with Asians doing as well or better than whites , while blacks , Hispanics , and especially Native Americans report more asthma-related problems and medical care use .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: RESULTS : Asthma prevalence is lowest among Asian and Hispanic adults , and highest among black and Native American adults .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: For some groups ( ie , Asians and Hispanics ) , we were mostly unable to explain away observed differences with white adults with adjustment for potential explanatory mechanisms , while for other groups ( ie , blacks and Native Americans ) adjusting for socioeconomic status and air quality accounted for much of the observed disparity with whites .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 16.00 |
|---|
| Title: Retention of autism spectrum diagnoses by community professionals : findings from the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network , 2000 and 2006 .
| | Author: Wiggins LD Baio J Schieve L Lee LC Nicholas J Rice CE | | Journal: J Dev Behav Pediatr Citation: V : 33 P : 387-95 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22580734 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Past research is inconsistent in the stability of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) diagnoses .
The authors therefore sought to examine the proportion of children identified from a population-based surveillance system that had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD and factors associated with such changes .
METHODS : Children with a documented age of first ASD diagnosis noted in surveillance records by a community professional ( n = 1392 ) were identified from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network .
Children were considered to have a change in classification if an ASD was excluded after the age of first recorded ASD diagnosis .
Child and surveillance factors were entered into a multivariable regression model to determine factors associated with diagnostic change .
RESULTS : Only 4% of our sample had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD noted in evaluation records .
Factors associated with change in classification from ASD to non-ASD were timing of first ASD diagnosis at 30 months or younger , onset other than developmental regression , presence of specific developmental delays , and participation in a special needs classroom other than autism at 8 years of age .
CONCLUSIONS : Our results found that children with ASDs are likely to retain an ASD diagnosis , which underscores the need for continued services .
Children diagnosed at 30 months or younger are more likely to experience a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD than children diagnosed at 31 months or older , suggesting earlier identification of ASD symptoms may be associated with response to intervention efforts or increased likelihood for overdiagnosis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 3.00 ]: Factors associated with change in classification from ASD to non-ASD were timing of first ASD diagnosis at 30 months or younger , onset other than developmental regression , presence of specific developmental delays , and participation in a special needs classroom other than autism at 8 years of age .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Children diagnosed at 30 months or younger are more likely to experience a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD than children diagnosed at 31 months or older , suggesting earlier identification of ASD symptoms may be associated with response to intervention efforts or increased likelihood for overdiagnosis .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The authors therefore sought to examine the proportion of children identified from a population-based surveillance system that had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD and factors associated with such changes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Children were considered to have a change in classification if an ASD was excluded after the age of first recorded ASD diagnosis .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Our results found that children with ASDs are likely to retain an ASD diagnosis , which underscores the need for continued services .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Past research is inconsistent in the stability of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) diagnoses .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : Children with a documented age of first ASD diagnosis noted in surveillance records by a community professional ( n = 1392 ) were identified from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Child and surveillance factors were entered into a multivariable regression model to determine factors associated with diagnostic change .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : Only 4% of our sample had a change in classification from ASD to non-ASD noted in evaluation records .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 15.00 |
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| Title: Comparative sequence and genetic analyses of asparagus BACs reveal no microsynteny with onion or rice .
| | Author: Jakse J Telgmann A Jung C Khar A Melgar S Cheung F Town CD Havey MJ .
| | Journal: Theor . Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 114 ( 1 ) P : 31-9 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17016688 | | Abstract: The Poales ( includes the grasses ) and Asparagales [ includes onion ( Allium cepa L ) and asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L ) ] are the two most economically important monocot orders .
The Poales are a member of the commelinoid monocots , a group of orders sister to the Asparagales .
Comparative genomic analyses have revealed a high degree of synteny among the grasses ; however , it is not known if this synteny extends to other major monocot groups such as the Asparagales .
Although we previously reported no evidence for synteny at the recombinational level between onion and rice , microsynteny may exist across shorter genomic regions in the grasses and Asparagales .
We sequenced nine asparagus BACs to reveal physically linked genic-like sequences and determined their most similar positions in the onion and rice genomes .
Four of the asparagus BACs were selected using molecular markers tightly linked to the sex-determining M locus on chromosome 5 of asparagus .
These BACs possessed only two putative coding regions and had long tracts of degenerated retroviral elements and transposons .
Five asparagus BACs were selected after hybridization of three onion cDNAs that mapped to three different onion chromosomes .
Genic-like sequences that were physically linked on the cDNA-selected BACs or genetically linked on the M-linked BACs showed significant similarities ( e < -20 ) to expressed sequences on different rice chromosomes , revealing no evidence for microsynteny between asparagus and rice across these regions .
Genic-like sequences that were linked in asparagus were used to identify highly similar ( e < -20 ) expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) of onion .
These onion ESTs mapped to different onion chromosomes and no relationship was observed between physical or genetic linkages in asparagus and genetic linkages in onion .
These results further indicate that synteny among grass genomes does not extend to a sister order in the monocots and that asparagus may not be an appropriate smaller genome model for plants in the Asparagales with enormous nuclear genomes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: The Poales ( includes the grasses ) and Asparagales [ includes onion ( Allium cepa L ) and asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L ) ] are the two most economically important monocot orders .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Four of the asparagus BACs were selected using molecular markers tightly linked to the sex-determining M locus on chromosome 5 of asparagus .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: These results further indicate that synteny among grass genomes does not extend to a sister order in the monocots and that asparagus may not be an appropriate smaller genome model for plants in the Asparagales with enormous nuclear genomes .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Poales are a member of the commelinoid monocots , a group of orders sister to the Asparagales .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparative genomic analyses have revealed a high degree of synteny among the grasses ; however , it is not known if this synteny extends to other major monocot groups such as the Asparagales .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although we previously reported no evidence for synteny at the recombinational level between onion and rice , microsynteny may exist across shorter genomic regions in the grasses and Asparagales .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We sequenced nine asparagus BACs to reveal physically linked genic-like sequences and determined their most similar positions in the onion and rice genomes .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Five asparagus BACs were selected after hybridization of three onion cDNAs that mapped to three different onion chromosomes .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genic-like sequences that were physically linked on the cDNA-selected BACs or genetically linked on the M-linked BACs showed significant similarities ( e < -20 ) to expressed sequences on different rice chromosomes , revealing no evidence for microsynteny between asparagus and rice across these regions .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genic-like sequences that were linked in asparagus were used to identify highly similar ( e < -20 ) expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) of onion .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: These onion ESTs mapped to different onion chromosomes and no relationship was observed between physical or genetic linkages in asparagus and genetic linkages in onion .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 15.00 |
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| Title: Risk factors for development of asthma in Thai adults in Phitsanulok : a university-based study .
| | Author: Uthaisangsook S | | Journal: Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol Citation: V : 28 P : 23-8 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20527512 | | Abstract: Studies have shown that asthma in children is caused by environmental and genetic factors .
In adult asthma , risk factors were less well recognized .
Likewise , in Thailand , data in adult asthma is limited .
This study aimed to evaluate risk factors , determine skin reactivities to allergens , and assess concomitant allergy among adult asthma in Phitsanulok , a major city in the lower northern Thailand .
Five hundred and thirteen Naresuan University staff members and students completed 2 sets of questionnaires and underwent allergy skin prick tests .
The first set of questionnaires was standardized Thai version of ISAAC questionnaire for identifying asthma , allergic rhinitis , and atopic eczema .
The second set was modified from ISAAC phase II questionnaire to identify asthma risk factors .
Fifty-eight subjects ( 11 . 6% ) were identified as having physicians diagnosed asthma and 89 subjects ( 17 . 7% ) wheezed in the past 12 months .
Among 89 subjects , 14 . 4% wheezed more than once a month , 45 . 6% had wheezes interfering with sleep .
Concomitant allergic rhinitis , rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema among these asthma subjects were 82 . 5% , 67 . 9% , and 14 . 9% , respectively .
Eighty seven point nine percent of asthmatic subjects had positive skin reactivities to at least one allergen .
Two of the most common allergens were house dust mites and cockroaches .
Maternal smoking during pregnancy , smoking among family members , and family history of allergy were statistically significant risks for developing asthma , while having a rice field around the residence represented a significant protective factor .
In conclusion , high prevalence of asthma presented in Phitsanulok and many asthmatic subjects were partly controlled or uncontrolled .
The environment such as a rice field could protect against asthma , however atopy and smoking exposure were significant risks for asthma development | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: This study aimed to evaluate risk factors , determine skin reactivities to allergens , and assess concomitant allergy among adult asthma in Phitsanulok , a major city in the lower northern Thailand .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 2.00 ]: In conclusion , high prevalence of asthma presented in Phitsanulok and many asthmatic subjects were partly controlled or uncontrolled .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 2.00 ]: The environment such as a rice field could protect against asthma , however atopy and smoking exposure were significant risks for asthma development
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Studies have shown that asthma in children is caused by environmental and genetic factors .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In adult asthma , risk factors were less well recognized .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Likewise , in Thailand , data in adult asthma is limited .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The first set of questionnaires was standardized Thai version of ISAAC questionnaire for identifying asthma , allergic rhinitis , and atopic eczema .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The second set was modified from ISAAC phase II questionnaire to identify asthma risk factors .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fifty-eight subjects ( 11 . 6% ) were identified as having physicians diagnosed asthma and 89 subjects ( 17 . 7% ) wheezed in the past 12 months .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Concomitant allergic rhinitis , rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema among these asthma subjects were 82 . 5% , 67 . 9% , and 14 . 9% , respectively .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Eighty seven point nine percent of asthmatic subjects had positive skin reactivities to at least one allergen .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Maternal smoking during pregnancy , smoking among family members , and family history of allergy were statistically significant risks for developing asthma , while having a rice field around the residence represented a significant protective factor .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Evolutionary history of the Asr gene family .
| | Author: Frankel N Carrari F Hasson E Iusem ND .
| | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 378 ( ) P : 74-83 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16822623 | | Abstract: The Asr gene family is widespread in higher plants .
Most Asr genes are up-regulated under different environmental stress conditions and during fruit ripening .
ASR proteins are localized in the nucleus and their likely function is transcriptional regulation .
In cultivated tomato , we identified a novel fourth family member , named Asr4 , which maps close to its sibling genes Asr1-Asr2-Asr3 and displays an unshared region coding for a domain containing a 13-amino acid repeat .
In this work we were able to expand our previous analysis for Asr2 and investigated the coding regions of the four known Asr paralogous genes in seven tomato species from different geographic locations .
In addition , we performed a phylogenetic analysis on ASR proteins .
The first conclusion drawn from this work is that tomato ASR proteins cluster together in the tree .
This observation can be explained by a scenario of concerted evolution or birth and death of genes .
Secondly , our study showed that Asr1 is highly conserved at both replacement and synonymous sites within the genus Lycopersicon .
ASR1 protein sequence conservation might be associated with its multiple functions in different it issues while the low rate of synonymous substitutions suggests that silent variation in Asr1 is selectively constrained , which is probably related to its high expression levels .
Finally , we found that Asr1 activation under water stress is not conserved between Lycopersicon species . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: ASR1 protein sequence conservation might be associated with its multiple functions in different it issues while the low rate of synonymous substitutions suggests that silent variation in Asr1 is selectively constrained , which is probably related to its high expression levels .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: In cultivated tomato , we identified a novel fourth family member , named Asr4 , which maps close to its sibling genes Asr1-Asr2-Asr3 and displays an unshared region coding for a domain containing a 13-amino acid repeat .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In this work we were able to expand our previous analysis for Asr2 and investigated the coding regions of the four known Asr paralogous genes in seven tomato species from different geographic locations .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Asr gene family is widespread in higher plants .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Most Asr genes are up-regulated under different environmental stress conditions and during fruit ripening .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: ASR proteins are localized in the nucleus and their likely function is transcriptional regulation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , we performed a phylogenetic analysis on ASR proteins .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The first conclusion drawn from this work is that tomato ASR proteins cluster together in the tree .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Secondly , our study showed that Asr1 is highly conserved at both replacement and synonymous sites within the genus Lycopersicon .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , we found that Asr1 activation under water stress is not conserved between Lycopersicon species .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Overexpression of the aspartic protease ASPG1 gene confers drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
| | Author: Yao X Xiong W Ye T Wu Y | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 63 P : 2579-93 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22268147 | | Abstract: Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting plant growth and limiting crop production .
Although many genes involved in adaptation to drought stress have been disclosed , the relevant molecular mechanisms are far from understood .
This study describes an Arabidopsis gene , ASPG1 ( ASPARTIC PROTEASE IN GUARD CELL 1 ) , that may function in drought avoidance through abscisic acid ( ABA ) signalling in guard cells .
Overexpression of the ASPG1 gene enhanced ABA sensitivity in guard cells and reduced water loss in ectopically overexpressing ASPG1 ( ASPG1-OE ) transgenic plants .
In ASPG1-OE plants , some downstream targets in ABA and/or drought-signalling pathways were altered at various levels , suggesting the involvement of ASPG1 in ABA-dependent drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
By analysing the activities of several antioxidases including superoxide dismutase and catalase in ASPG1-OE plants , the existence was demonstrated of an effective detoxification system for drought avoidance in these plants .
Analysis of ProASPG1-GUS lines showed a predominant guard cell expression pattern in various aerial it issues .
Moreover , the protease activity of ASPG1 was characterized in vitro , and two aspartic acid sites , D180 and D379 , were found to be key residues for ASPG1 aspartic protease activity in response to ABA .
In summary , these findings suggest that functional ASPG1 may be involved in ABA-dependent responsiveness and that overexpression of the ASPG1 gene can confer drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 4.00 ]: Moreover , the protease activity of ASPG1 was characterized in vitro , and two aspartic acid sites , D180 and D379 , were found to be key residues for ASPG1 aspartic protease activity in response to ABA .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Overexpression of the ASPG1 gene enhanced ABA sensitivity in guard cells and reduced water loss in ectopically overexpressing ASPG1 ( ASPG1-OE ) transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: This study describes an Arabidopsis gene , ASPG1 ( ASPARTIC PROTEASE IN GUARD CELL 1 ) , that may function in drought avoidance through abscisic acid ( ABA ) signalling in guard cells .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In ASPG1-OE plants , some downstream targets in ABA and/or drought-signalling pathways were altered at various levels , suggesting the involvement of ASPG1 in ABA-dependent drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: In summary , these findings suggest that functional ASPG1 may be involved in ABA-dependent responsiveness and that overexpression of the ASPG1 gene can confer drought avoidance in Arabidopsis .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: By analysing the activities of several antioxidases including superoxide dismutase and catalase in ASPG1-OE plants , the existence was demonstrated of an effective detoxification system for drought avoidance in these plants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns .
| | Author: Yang Y Sheng G | | Journal: Environ . Sci . Technol . Citation: V : 37 ( 16 ) P : 3635-9 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12953876 | | Abstract: Lack of proper techniques to isolate black carbon ( BC ) from soils has hindered the understanding of their roles in the sorption and environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments .
The burning of crop residues may be the primary source of BC in agricultural soils .
In this study , wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) and rice ( Oryza sativa L ) residues were burned , and the resulting particulate matter ( ashes ) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water .
Calculations indicated that the burning of crop residues may result in an appreciable level of ashes in soils .
The diuron sorption isotherms on ashes were curvilinear Langmuir type , suggestive of surface adsorption and similar to that with activated carbon .
Ashes were 400-2500 times more effective than soil in sorbing diuron over the concentration range of 0-6 mg/L Sorption by wheat ash-amended soils and the degree of isotherm nonlinearity increased with increasing ash content from 0% to 1% ( weight ) , indicating the significant contribution of wheat ash to the sorption .
Calculations show that wheat ash and soil independently contributed to the sorption .
Above the wheat ash content of 0 . 05% , the sorption was largely controlled by the ash .
Density-based fractionation and repeated HCI-HF washing of wheat ash yielded carbon-enriched fractions and enhanced diuron sorption by these fractions .
BC appeared primarily responsible for the high adsorptivity of ashes .
Ashes arising from the burning of crop residues may be an important determinant of pesticide immobilization and environmental fate in soils . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: Ashes were 400-2500 times more effective than soil in sorbing diuron over the concentration range of 0-6 mg/L Sorption by wheat ash-amended soils and the degree of isotherm nonlinearity increased with increasing ash content from 0% to 1% ( weight ) , indicating the significant contribution of wheat ash to the sorption .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Above the wheat ash content of 0 . 05% , the sorption was largely controlled by the ash .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) and rice ( Oryza sativa L ) residues were burned , and the resulting particulate matter ( ashes ) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calculations indicated that the burning of crop residues may result in an appreciable level of ashes in soils .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The diuron sorption isotherms on ashes were curvilinear Langmuir type , suggestive of surface adsorption and similar to that with activated carbon .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calculations show that wheat ash and soil independently contributed to the sorption .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Density-based fractionation and repeated HCI-HF washing of wheat ash yielded carbon-enriched fractions and enhanced diuron sorption by these fractions .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: BC appeared primarily responsible for the high adsorptivity of ashes .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ashes arising from the burning of crop residues may be an important determinant of pesticide immobilization and environmental fate in soils .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed : the role of animal feeding trials .
| | Author: | | Journal: Food Chem Toxicol Citation: V : 46 Suppl 1 P : S2-70 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18328408 | | Abstract: In this report the various elements of the safety and nutritional assessment procedure for genetically modified ( GM ) plant derived food and feed are discussed , in particular the potential and limitations of animal feeding trials for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed .
The general principles for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed are followed , as described in the EFSA guidance document of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms .
In Section 1 the mandate , scope and general principles for risk assessment of GM plant derived food and feed are discussed .
Products under consideration are food and feed derived from GM plants , such as maize , soybeans , oilseed rape and cotton , modified through the introduction of one or more genes coding for agronomic input traits like herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance .
Furthermore GM plant derived food and feed , which have been obtained through extensive genetic modifications targeted at specific alterations of metabolic pathways leading to improved nutritional and/or health characteristics , such as rice containing beta-carotene , soybeans with enhanced oleic acid content , or tomato with increased concentration of flavonoids , are considered .
The safety assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed follows a comparative approach , ie the food and feed are compared with their non-GM counterparts in order to identify intended and unintended ( unexpected ) differences which subsequently are assessed with respect to their potential impact on the environment , safety for humans and animals , and nutritional quality .
Key elements of the assessment procedure are the molecular , compositional , phenotypic and agronomic analysis in order to identify similarities and differences between the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart .
The safety assessment is focussed on ( i ) the presence and characteristics of newly expressed proteins and other new constituents and possible changes in the level of natural constituents beyond normal variation , and on the characteristics of the GM food and feed , and ( ii ) the possible occurrence of unintended ( unexpected ) effects in GM plants due to genetic modification .
In order to identify these effects a comparative phenotypic and molecular analysis of the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart is carried out , in parallel with a targeted analysis of single specific compounds , which represent important metabolic pathways in the plant like macro and micro nutrients , known anti-nutrients and toxins .
Significant differences may be indicative of the occurrence of unintended effects , which require further investigation .
Section 2 provides an overview of studies performed for the safety and nutritional assessment of whole food and feed .
Extensive experience has been built up in recent decades from the safety and nutritional testing in animals of irradiated foods , novel foods and fruit and vegetables .
These approaches are also relevant for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed .
Many feeding trials have been reported in which GM foods like maize , potatoes , rice , soybeans and tomatoes have been fed to rats or mice for prolonged periods , and parameters such as body weight , feed consumption , blood chemistry , organ weights , histopathology etc have been measured .
The food and feed under investigation were derived from GM plants with improved agronomic characteristics like herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance .
The majority of these experiments did not indicate clinical effects or histopathological abnormalities in organs or it issues of exposed animals .
In some cases adverse effects were noted , which were difficult to interpret due to shortcomings in the studies .
Many studies have also been carried out with feed derived from GM plants with agronomic input traits in target animal species to assess the nutritive value of the feed and their performance potential Studies in sheep , pigs , broilers , lactating dairy cows , and fish , comparing the in vivo bioavailability of nutrients from a range of GM plants with their near isogenic counterpart and commercial varieties , showed that they were comparable with those for near isogenic non-GM lines and commercial varieties .
In Section 3 toxicological in vivo , in silico , and in vitro test methods are discussed which may be applied for the safety and nutritional assessment of specific compounds present in food and feed or of whole food and feed derived from GM plants .
Moreover the purpose , potential and limitations of the 90-day rodent feeding trial for the safety and nutritional testing of whole food and feed have been examined .
Methods for single and repeated dose toxicity testing , reproductive and developmental toxicity testing and immunotoxicity testing , as described in OECD guideline tests for single well-defined chemicals are discussed and considered to be adequate for the safety testing of single substances including new products in GM food and feed .
Various in silico and in vitro methods may contribute to the safety assessment of GM plant derived food and feed and components thereof , like ( i ) in silico searches for sequence homology and/or structural similarity of novel proteins or their degradation products to known toxic or allergenic proteins , ( ii ) simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in order to study the digestive stability of newly expressed proteins and in vitro systems for analysis of the stability of the novel protein under heat or other processing conditions , and ( iii ) in vitro genotoxicity test methods that screen for point mutations , chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage/repair .
The current performance of the safety assessment of whole foods is mainly based on the protocols for low-molecular-weight chemicals such as pharmaceuticals , industrial chemicals , pesticides , food additives and contaminants .
However without adaptation , these protocols have limitations for testing of whole food and feed .
This primarily results from the fact that defined single substances can be dosed to laboratory animals at very large multiples of the expected human exposure , thus giving a large margin of safety .
In contrast foodstuffs are bulky , lead to satiation and can only be included in the diet at much lower multiples of expected human intakes .
When testing whole foods , the possible highest concentration of the GM food and feed in the laboratory animal diet may be limited because of nutritional imbalance of the diet , or by the presence of compounds with a known toxicological profile .
The aim of the 90-days rodent feeding study with the whole GM food and feed is to assess potential unintended effects of toxicological and/or nutritional relevance and to establish whether the GM food and feed is as safe and nutritious as its traditional comparator rather than determining qualitative and quantitative intrinsic toxicity of defined food constituents .
The design of the study should be adapted from the OECD 90-day rodent toxicity study .
The precise study design has to take into account the nature of the food and feed and the characteristics of the new trait ( s ) and their intended role in the GM food and feed .
A 90-day animal feeding trial has a large capacity ( sensitivity and specificity ) to detect potential toxicological effects of single well defined compounds .
This can be concluded from data reported on the toxicology of a wide range of industrial chemicals , pharmaceuticals , food substances , environmental , and agricultural chemicals .
It is possible to model the sensitivity of the rat subchronic feeding study for the detection of hypothetically increased amount of compounds such as anti-nutrients , toxicants or secondary metabolites .
With respect to the detection of potential unintended effects in whole GM food and feed , it is unlikely that substances present in small amounts and with a low toxic potential will result in any observable ( unintended ) effects in a 90-day rodent feeding study , as they would be below the no-observed-effect-level and thus of unlikely impact to human health at normal intake levels .
Laboratory animal feeding studies of 90-days duration appear to be sufficient to pick up adverse effects of diverse compounds that would also give adverse effects after chronic exposure .
This conclusion is based on literature data from studies investigating whether toxicological effects are adequately identified in 3-month subchronic studies in rodents , by comparing findings at 3 and 24 months for a range of different chemicals .
The 90-day rodent feeding study is not designed to detect effects on reproduction or development other than effects on adult reproductive organ weights and histopathology .
Analyses of available data indicate that , for a wide range of substances , reproductive and developmental effects are not potentially more sensitive endpoints than those examined in subchronic toxicity tests .
Should there be structural alerts for reproductive/developmental effects or other indications from data available on a GM food and feed , then these tests should be considered .
By relating the estimated daily intake , or theoretical maximum daily intake per capita for a given whole food ( or the sum of its individual commercial constituents ) to that consumed on average per rat per day in the subchronic 90-day feeding study , it is possible to establish the margin of exposure ( safety margin ) for consumers .
Results obtained from testing GM food and feed in rodents indicate that large ( at least 100-fold ) safety margins exist between animal exposure levels without observed adverse effects and estimated human daily intake .
Results of feeding studies with feed derived from GM plants with improved agronomic properties , carried out in a wide range of livestock species , are discussed .
The studies did not show any biologically relevant differences in the parameters tested between control and test animals .
( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The safety assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed follows a comparative approach , ie the food and feed are compared with their non-GM counterparts in order to identify intended and unintended ( unexpected ) differences which subsequently are assessed with respect to their potential impact on the environment , safety for humans and animals , and nutritional quality .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this report the various elements of the safety and nutritional assessment procedure for genetically modified ( GM ) plant derived food and feed are discussed , in particular the potential and limitations of animal feeding trials for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The general principles for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed are followed , as described in the EFSA guidance document of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Section 1 the mandate , scope and general principles for risk assessment of GM plant derived food and feed are discussed .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Key elements of the assessment procedure are the molecular , compositional , phenotypic and agronomic analysis in order to identify similarities and differences between the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The safety assessment is focussed on ( i ) the presence and characteristics of newly expressed proteins and other new constituents and possible changes in the level of natural constituents beyond normal variation , and on the characteristics of the GM food and feed , and ( ii ) the possible occurrence of unintended ( unexpected ) effects in GM plants due to genetic modification .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Section 2 provides an overview of studies performed for the safety and nutritional assessment of whole food and feed .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many studies have also been carried out with feed derived from GM plants with agronomic input traits in target animal species to assess the nutritive value of the feed and their performance potential Studies in sheep , pigs , broilers , lactating dairy cows , and fish , comparing the in vivo bioavailability of nutrients from a range of GM plants with their near isogenic counterpart and commercial varieties , showed that they were comparable with those for near isogenic non-GM lines and commercial varieties .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Section 3 toxicological in vivo , in silico , and in vitro test methods are discussed which may be applied for the safety and nutritional assessment of specific compounds present in food and feed or of whole food and feed derived from GM plants .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: Various in silico and in vitro methods may contribute to the safety assessment of GM plant derived food and feed and components thereof , like ( i ) in silico searches for sequence homology and/or structural similarity of novel proteins or their degradation products to known toxic or allergenic proteins , ( ii ) simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in order to study the digestive stability of newly expressed proteins and in vitro systems for analysis of the stability of the novel protein under heat or other processing conditions , and ( iii ) in vitro genotoxicity test methods that screen for point mutations , chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage/repair .
[ Sen. 23, subscore: 1.00 ]: The current performance of the safety assessment of whole foods is mainly based on the protocols for low-molecular-weight chemicals such as pharmaceuticals , industrial chemicals , pesticides , food additives and contaminants .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of the 90-days rodent feeding study with the whole GM food and feed is to assess potential unintended effects of toxicological and/or nutritional relevance and to establish whether the GM food and feed is as safe and nutritious as its traditional comparator rather than determining qualitative and quantitative intrinsic toxicity of defined food constituents .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Transgenic rice expressing Allium sativum leaf agglutinin ( ASAL ) exhibits high-level resistance against major sap-sucking pests .
| | Author: Yarasi B Sadumpati V Immanni CP Vudem DR Khareedu VR | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 8 P : 102 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18854007 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Rice ( Oryza sativa ) productivity is adversely impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic factors .
An approximate 52% of the global production of rice is lost annually owing to the damage caused by biotic factors , of which approximately 21% is attributed to the attack of insect pests .
In this paper we report the isolation , cloning and characterization of Allium sativum leaf agglutinin ( asal ) gene , and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method .
The stable transgenic lines , expressing ASAL , showed explicit resistance against major sap-sucking pests .
RESULTS : Allium sativum leaf lectin gene ( asal ) , coding for mannose binding homodimeric protein ( ASAL ) from garlic plants , has been isolated and introduced into elite indica rice cultivars susceptible to sap-sucking insects , viz . , brown planthopper ( BPH ) , green leafhopper ( GLH ) and whitebacked planthopper ( WBPH ) .
Embryogenic calli of rice were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harbouring pSB111 super-binary vector comprising garlic lectin gene asal along with the herbicide resistance gene bar , both under the control of CaMV35S promoter .
PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed stable integration of transgenes into the genomes of rice plants .
Northern and western blot analyses revealed expression of ASAL in different transgenic rice lines .
In primary transformants , the level of ASAL protein , as estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , varied between 0 . 74% and 1 . 45% of the total soluble proteins .
In planta insect bioassays on transgenic rice lines revealed potent entomotoxic effects of ASAL on BPH , GLH and WBPH insects , as evidenced by significant decreases in the survival , development and fecundity of the insects .
CONCLUSION : In planta insect bioassays were carried out on asal transgenic rice lines employing standard screening techniques followed in conventional breeding for selection of insect resistant plants .
The ASAL expressing rice plants , bestowed with high entomotoxic effects , imparted appreciable resistance against three major sap-sucking insects .
Our results amply demonstrate that transgenic indica rice harbouring asal exhibit surpassing resistance against BPH , GLH and WBPH insects .
The prototypic asal transgenic rice lines appear promising for direct commercial cultivation besides serving as a potential genetic resource in recombination breeding .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: RESULTS : Allium sativum leaf lectin gene ( asal ) , coding for mannose binding homodimeric protein ( ASAL ) from garlic plants , has been isolated and introduced into elite indica rice cultivars susceptible to sap-sucking insects , viz . , brown planthopper ( BPH ) , green leafhopper ( GLH ) and whitebacked planthopper ( WBPH ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: In primary transformants , the level of ASAL protein , as estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , varied between 0 . 74% and 1 . 45% of the total soluble proteins .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this paper we report the isolation , cloning and characterization of Allium sativum leaf agglutinin ( asal ) gene , and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stable transgenic lines , expressing ASAL , showed explicit resistance against major sap-sucking pests .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Embryogenic calli of rice were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harbouring pSB111 super-binary vector comprising garlic lectin gene asal along with the herbicide resistance gene bar , both under the control of CaMV35S promoter .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Northern and western blot analyses revealed expression of ASAL in different transgenic rice lines .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In planta insect bioassays on transgenic rice lines revealed potent entomotoxic effects of ASAL on BPH , GLH and WBPH insects , as evidenced by significant decreases in the survival , development and fecundity of the insects .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : In planta insect bioassays were carried out on asal transgenic rice lines employing standard screening techniques followed in conventional breeding for selection of insect resistant plants .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ASAL expressing rice plants , bestowed with high entomotoxic effects , imparted appreciable resistance against three major sap-sucking insects .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results amply demonstrate that transgenic indica rice harbouring asal exhibit surpassing resistance against BPH , GLH and WBPH insects .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: The prototypic asal transgenic rice lines appear promising for direct commercial cultivation besides serving as a potential genetic resource in recombination breeding .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: The decline in ascorbic acid content is associated with cadmium toxicity of rice seedlings .
| | Author: Chao YY Hong CY Kao CH | | Journal: Plant Physiol Biochem Citation: V : 48 P : 374-81 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20144872 | | Abstract: Cadmium ( Cd ) toxicity of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv .
Taichung Native 1 ) seedlings was evaluated by the decrease in chlorophyll content and the increase in malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in the second leaves of rice seedlings .
CdCl2 ( 5 microM ) treatment was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of ascorbic acid ( AsA ) and AsA + dehydroascorbate ( DHA ) and in the ratios of AsA/DHA in leaves .
However , CdCl2 treatment resulted in an increase in DHA content in leaves .
Moreover , the decrease in AsA content was prior to the occurrence of chlorosis and associated with the increase in MDA content in the leaves of seedlings treated with Cd .
Pretreatment with 0 . 5 mM AsA or L-galactono-1 , 4-lactone ( GalL ) , the biosynthetic precursor of AsA , for 6 h resulted in an increase in the contents of AsA and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) , the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidized glutathione , and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase ( APX ) and glutathione reductase ( GR ) in the leaves of rice seedlings .
Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to quantify the mRNA levels for OsAPX and OsGR genes from rice leaves to examine the effect of AsA or GalL pretreatment on the expression of OsAPX and OsGR genes in rice leaves .
The expression of OsAPX2 , OsAPX3 , OsAPX4 , OsAPX5 , OsAPX6 , OsAPX7 , and OsGR1 was increased by AsA or GalL pretreatment .
Rice seedlings pretreated with AsA or GalL were observed to reduce the subsequent Cd-induced toxicity .
Our results suggest that AsA content may play a role in regulating Cd toxicity of rice seedlings .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: Pretreatment with 0 . 5 mM AsA or L-galactono-1 , 4-lactone ( GalL ) , the biosynthetic precursor of AsA , for 6 h resulted in an increase in the contents of AsA and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) , the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidized glutathione , and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase ( APX ) and glutathione reductase ( GR ) in the leaves of rice seedlings .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: CdCl2 ( 5 microM ) treatment was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of ascorbic acid ( AsA ) and AsA + dehydroascorbate ( DHA ) and in the ratios of AsA/DHA in leaves .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Moreover , the decrease in AsA content was prior to the occurrence of chlorosis and associated with the increase in MDA content in the leaves of seedlings treated with Cd .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to quantify the mRNA levels for OsAPX and OsGR genes from rice leaves to examine the effect of AsA or GalL pretreatment on the expression of OsAPX and OsGR genes in rice leaves .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The expression of OsAPX2 , OsAPX3 , OsAPX4 , OsAPX5 , OsAPX6 , OsAPX7 , and OsGR1 was increased by AsA or GalL pretreatment .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice seedlings pretreated with AsA or GalL were observed to reduce the subsequent Cd-induced toxicity .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest that AsA content may play a role in regulating Cd toxicity of rice seedlings .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Association between chromosome 9p21 variants and the ankle-brachial index identified by a meta-analysis of 21 genome-wide association studies .
| | Author: Murabito JM White CC Kavousi M Sun YV Feitosa MF Nambi V Lamina C Schillert A Coassin S Bis JC Broer L Crawford DC Franceschini N Frikke-Schmidt R Haun M Holewijn S Huffman JE Hwang SJ Kiechl S Kollerits B Montasser ME Nolte IM Rudock ME Senft A Teumer A van der Harst P Vitart V Waite LL Wood AR Wassel CL Absher DM Allison MA Amin N Arnold A Asselbergs FW Aulchenko Y Bandinelli S Barbalic M Boban M Brown-Gentry K Couper DJ Criqui MH Dehghan A den Heijer M Dieplinger B Ding J Dorr M Espinola-Klein C Felix SB Ferrucci L Folsom AR Fraedrich G Gibson Q Goodloe R Gunjaca G Haltmayer M Heiss G Hofman A Kieback A Kiemeney LA Kolcic I Kullo IJ Kritchevsky SB Lackner KJ Li X Lieb W Lohman K Meisinger C Melzer D Mohler ER 3rd Mudnic I Mueller T Navis G Oberhollenzer F Olin JW OConnell J ODonnell CJ Palmas W Penninx BW Petersmann A Polasek O Psaty BM Rantner B Rice K Rivadeneira F Rotter JI Seldenrijk A Stadler M Summerer M Tanaka T Tybjaerg-Hansen A Uitterlinden AG van Gilst WH Vermeulen SH Wild SH Wild PS Willeit J Zeller T Zemunik T Zgaga L Assimes TL Blankenberg S Boerwinkle E Campbell H Cooke JP de Graaf J Herrington D Kardia SL Mitchell BD Murray A Munzel T Newman AB Oostra BA Rudan I Shuldiner AR Snieder H van Duijn CM Volker U Wright AF Wichmann HE Wilson JF Witteman JC Liu Y Hayward C Borecki IB Ziegler A North KE Cupples LA Kronenberg F | | Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Genet Citation: V : 5 P : 100-12 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22199011 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Genetic determinants of peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) remain largely unknown .
To identify genetic variants associated with the ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) , a noninvasive measure of PAD , we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 21 population-based cohorts .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Continuous ABI and PAD ( ABI association with ABI and PAD using additive genetic models .
Study-specific data were combined using fixed effects inverse variance weighted meta-analyses .
There were a total of 41 692 participants of European ancestry ( approximately 60% women , mean ABI 1 . 02 to 1 . 19 ) , including 3409 participants with PAD and with genome-wide association study data available .
In the discovery meta-analysis , rs10757269 on chromosome 9 near CDKN2B had the strongest association with ABI ( beta=-0 . 006 , P=2 . 46x10 ( -8 ) ) .
We sought replication of the 6 strongest SNP associations in 5 population-based studies and 3 clinical samples ( n=16 717 ) .
The association for rs10757269 strengthened in the combined discovery and replication analysis ( P=2 . 65x10 ( -9 ) ) .
No other SNP associations for ABI or PAD achieved genome-wide significance .
However , 2 previously reported candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP associated with coronary artery disease were associated with ABI : DAB21P ( rs13290547 , P=3 . 6x10 ( -5 ) ) , CYBA ( rs3794624 , P=6 . 3x10 ( -5 ) ) , and rs1122608 ( LDLR , P=0 . 0026 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : Genome-wide association studies in more than 40 000 individuals identified 1 genome wide significant association on chromosome 9p21 with ABI .
Two candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP for coronary artery disease are associated with ABI .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: To identify genetic variants associated with the ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) , a noninvasive measure of PAD , we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 21 population-based cohorts .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , 2 previously reported candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP associated with coronary artery disease were associated with ABI : DAB21P ( rs13290547 , P=3 . 6x10 ( -5 ) ) , CYBA ( rs3794624 , P=6 . 3x10 ( -5 ) ) , and rs1122608 ( LDLR , P=0 . 0026 ) .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Genome-wide association studies in more than 40 000 individuals identified 1 genome wide significant association on chromosome 9p21 with ABI .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Linear and logistic regression models were used to test each SNP for association with ABI and PAD using additive genetic models .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: There were a total of 41 692 participants of European ancestry ( approximately 60% women , mean ABI 1 . 02 to 1 . 19 ) , including 3409 participants with PAD and with genome-wide association study data available .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the discovery meta-analysis , rs10757269 on chromosome 9 near CDKN2B had the strongest association with ABI ( beta=-0 . 006 , P=2 . 46x10 ( -8 ) ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: We sought replication of the 6 strongest SNP associations in 5 population-based studies and 3 clinical samples ( n=16 717 ) .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The association for rs10757269 strengthened in the combined discovery and replication analysis ( P=2 . 65x10 ( -9 ) ) .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: No other SNP associations for ABI or PAD achieved genome-wide significance .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP for coronary artery disease are associated with ABI .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Smoking and genetic risk variation across populations of European , Asian , and African American ancestry--a meta-analysis of chromosome 15q25 .
| | Author: Chen LS Saccone NL Culverhouse RC Bracci PM Chen CH Dueker N Han Y Huang H Jin G Kohno T Ma JZ Przybeck TR Sanders AR Smith JA Sung YJ Wenzlaff AS Wu C Yoon D Chen YT Cheng YC Cho YS David SP Duan J Eaton CB Furberg H Goate AM Gu D Hansen HM Hartz S Hu Z Kim YJ Kittner SJ Levinson DF Mosley TH Payne TJ Rao DC Rice JP Rice TK Schwantes-An TH Shete SS Shi J Spitz MR Sun YV Tsai FJ Wang JC Wrensch MR Xian H Gejman PV He J Hunt SC Kardia SL Li MD Lin D Mitchell BD Park T Schwartz AG Shen H Wiencke JK Wu JY Yokota J Amos CI Bierut LJ | | Journal: Genet Epidemiol Citation: V : 36 P : 340-51 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22539395 | | Abstract: Recent meta-analyses of European ancestry subjects show strong evidence for association between smoking quantity and multiple genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 .
This meta-analysis extends the examination of association between distinct genes in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region and smoking quantity to Asian and African American populations to confirm and refine specific reported associations .
Association results for a dichotomized cigarettes smoked per day phenotype in 27 datasets ( European ancestry ( N = 14 , 786 ) , Asian ( N = 6 , 889 ) , and African American ( N = 10 , 912 ) for a total of 32 , 587 smokers ) were meta-analyzed by population and results were compared across all three populations .
We demonstrate association between smoking quantity and markers in the chromosome 15q25 region across all three populations , and narrow the region of association .
Of the variants tested , only rs16969968 is associated with smoking ( P < 0 . 01 ) in each of these three populations ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1 . 33 , 95% CI = 1 . 25-1 . 42 , P = 1 . 1 x 10 ( -17 ) in meta-analysis across all population samples ) .
Additional variants displayed a consistent signal in both European ancestry and Asian datasets , but not in African Americans .
The observed consistent association of rs16969968 with heavy smoking across multiple populations , combined with its known biological significance , suggests rs16969968 is most likely a functional variant that alters risk for heavy smoking .
We interpret additional association results that differ across populations as providing evidence for additional functional variants , but we are unable to further localize the source of this association .
Using the cross-population study paradigm provides valuable insights to narrow regions of interest and inform future biological experiments .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: This meta-analysis extends the examination of association between distinct genes in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 region and smoking quantity to Asian and African American populations to confirm and refine specific reported associations .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Association results for a dichotomized cigarettes smoked per day phenotype in 27 datasets ( European ancestry ( N = 14 , 786 ) , Asian ( N = 6 , 889 ) , and African American ( N = 10 , 912 ) for a total of 32 , 587 smokers ) were meta-analyzed by population and results were compared across all three populations .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: We demonstrate association between smoking quantity and markers in the chromosome 15q25 region across all three populations , and narrow the region of association .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: We interpret additional association results that differ across populations as providing evidence for additional functional variants , but we are unable to further localize the source of this association .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent meta-analyses of European ancestry subjects show strong evidence for association between smoking quantity and multiple genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of the variants tested , only rs16969968 is associated with smoking ( P < 0 . 01 ) in each of these three populations ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1 . 33 , 95% CI = 1 . 25-1 . 42 , P = 1 . 1 x 10 ( -17 ) in meta-analysis across all population samples ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additional variants displayed a consistent signal in both European ancestry and Asian datasets , but not in African Americans .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The observed consistent association of rs16969968 with heavy smoking across multiple populations , combined with its known biological significance , suggests rs16969968 is most likely a functional variant that alters risk for heavy smoking .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 12.00 |
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| Title: Alternative splicing at NAGNAG acceptor sites shares common properties in land plants and mammals .
| | Author: Iida K Shionyu M Suso Y | | Journal: Mol Biol Evol Citation: V : 25 P : 709-18 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18234709 | | Abstract: In recent years , several papers have reported that a special type of alternative splicing ( AS ) event occurs at the tandem 3 splice site , termed the "NAGNAG acceptor . " This type of AS event ( termed AS-NAGNAG ) is well studied in both human and mouse .
To illustrate the significance of AS-NAGNAG events , we focused on their occurrence in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa ( rice ) .
Our study is the first genome-wide approach examining AS-NAGNAG events in land plants .
Based on transcripts and genomic sequences , we found 321 and 372 AS-NAGNAG events in Arabidopsis and rice , respectively .
These events were significantly enriched in genes encoding DNA-binding proteins , and more than half of all AS-NAGNAG events affected polar amino acid residues .
The observed properties of AS-NAGNAG events in plants were similar to those seen in mammals .
These results showed that AS-NAGNAG events may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning of DNA-binding proteins in both mammals and land plants .
We found 7 gene groups of AS-NAGNAG events that were conserved between Arabidopsis and rice , including 2 groups for RNA-binding proteins .
Conservation of the events for RNA-binding proteins is a property also seen in mammals .
Furthermore , we found 23 gene groups containing AS-NAGNAG events that occurred in noncorresponding introns of homologous genes .
They included 5 groups of DNA-binding proteins , whose number was larger than expected .
We think there is a bias with which AS-NAGNAG events are fixed in genes for DNA-binding proteins .
Our analysis showed that AS-NAGNAG events found in land plants share similar properties with those in mammals .
Based on our results , we propose that AS-NAGNAG events are likely to be a common mechanism in the fine-tuning of protein functions , especially DNA/RNA-binding proteins , in both mammals and plants .
Their role might contribute to the construction of complicated transcriptomes and proteomes in the evolutionary history of mammals and land plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In recent years , several papers have reported that a special type of alternative splicing ( AS ) event occurs at the tandem 3 splice site , termed the "NAGNAG acceptor . " This type of AS event ( termed AS-NAGNAG ) is well studied in both human and mouse .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To illustrate the significance of AS-NAGNAG events , we focused on their occurrence in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa ( rice ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study is the first genome-wide approach examining AS-NAGNAG events in land plants .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on transcripts and genomic sequences , we found 321 and 372 AS-NAGNAG events in Arabidopsis and rice , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: These events were significantly enriched in genes encoding DNA-binding proteins , and more than half of all AS-NAGNAG events affected polar amino acid residues .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The observed properties of AS-NAGNAG events in plants were similar to those seen in mammals .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results showed that AS-NAGNAG events may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning of DNA-binding proteins in both mammals and land plants .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found 7 gene groups of AS-NAGNAG events that were conserved between Arabidopsis and rice , including 2 groups for RNA-binding proteins .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , we found 23 gene groups containing AS-NAGNAG events that occurred in noncorresponding introns of homologous genes .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: We think there is a bias with which AS-NAGNAG events are fixed in genes for DNA-binding proteins .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our analysis showed that AS-NAGNAG events found in land plants share similar properties with those in mammals .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on our results , we propose that AS-NAGNAG events are likely to be a common mechanism in the fine-tuning of protein functions , especially DNA/RNA-binding proteins , in both mammals and plants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 12.00 |
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| Title: Associations between common fibrinogen gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease in older adults .
The Cardiovascular Health Study .
| | Author: Carty CL Cushman M Jones D Lange LA Hindorff LA Rice K Jenny NS Durda JP Walston J Carlson CS Nickerson D Tracy RP Reiner AP | | Journal: Thromb Haemost Citation: V : 99 P : 388-95 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18278190 | | Abstract: Elevated plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , but associations between fibrinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) and disease risk are inconsistent .
We investigated whether common ( > or = 5% minor allele frequency ) variation in the fibrinogen genes ( FGA , FGB , FGG ) is associated with fibrinogen concentration , carotid artery intima-medial thickness ( IMT ) and risk of incident myocardial infarction ( MI ) , ischemic stroke and CVD mortality in European ( EA ) and African-descent ( AA ) adults ( > or = 65 years ) from the Cardiovascular Health Study .
TagSNPs were genotyped in 3 , 969 EA and 719 AA free of MI or stroke at baseline .
Race-specific models included multiple testing correction and adjustment for sex , age and site .
Among EA , minor alleles of FGA3807 , FGB1437 and FGG902 were associated with higher fibrinogen levels ; whereas FGA251 , FGA2224 , FGA6534 and FGG10034 were associated with lower levels , p<0 . 004 for each .
Strongest associations were seen for FGB1437 ; each additional copy of the minor allele was associated with 13 mg/dl ( 95%CI : 9-16 ) higher fibrinogen level .
Similar trends in AA were not significant .
Fibrinogen haplotypes were not significantly associated with internal or common carotid IMT .
No associations with MI or CVD mortality were seen in EA , though FGB1038 and FGG902 were significantly associated with increased and decreased risk of stroke in men , respectively , as were related haplotypes .
FGB1038 was also associated with CVD mortality in AA , HR = 1 . 9 ( 95%CI : 1 . 3-2 . 7 ) .
In conclusion , while fibrinogen genetic variation was strongly associated with fibrinogen levels , there was less evidence of association with the more complex outcomes of IMT and CVD events .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Among EA , minor alleles of FGA3807 , FGB1437 and FGG902 were associated with higher fibrinogen levels ; whereas FGA251 , FGA2224 , FGA6534 and FGG10034 were associated with lower levels , p<0 . 004 for each .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Strongest associations were seen for FGB1437 ; each additional copy of the minor allele was associated with 13 mg/dl ( 95%CI : 9-16 ) higher fibrinogen level .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: No associations with MI or CVD mortality were seen in EA , though FGB1038 and FGG902 were significantly associated with increased and decreased risk of stroke in men , respectively , as were related haplotypes .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: In conclusion , while fibrinogen genetic variation was strongly associated with fibrinogen levels , there was less evidence of association with the more complex outcomes of IMT and CVD events .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Elevated plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , but associations between fibrinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) and disease risk are inconsistent .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated whether common ( > or = 5% minor allele frequency ) variation in the fibrinogen genes ( FGA , FGB , FGG ) is associated with fibrinogen concentration , carotid artery intima-medial thickness ( IMT ) and risk of incident myocardial infarction ( MI ) , ischemic stroke and CVD mortality in European ( EA ) and African-descent ( AA ) adults ( > or = 65 years ) from the Cardiovascular Health Study .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fibrinogen haplotypes were not significantly associated with internal or common carotid IMT .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: FGB1038 was also associated with CVD mortality in AA , HR = 1 . 9 ( 95%CI : 1 . 3-2 . 7 ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Removal of iron from groundwater by ash : a systematic study of a traditional method .
| | Author: Das B Hazarika P Saikia G Kalita H Goswami DC Das HB Dube SN Dutta RK .
| | Journal: J Hazard . Mater . Citation: V : 141 ( 3 ) P : 834-41 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16956716 | | Abstract: A traditional method for removal of iron from ground water by using ash has been systematically investigated .
Ashes from five different sources , viz . , banana rind , banana pseudostem , banana leaf , rice husk and bamboo has been studied .
The principle applied is enhanced precipitation of iron at high pH caused by ash .
The study included laboratory analysis of some relevant chemical parameters of the ashes and the efficiency of the ashes in removing iron from prefabricated water with respect to quantity of ash and corresponding increase in pH of water .
The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to be most suitable for removal of iron .
A low-cost and easily made iron removal system for household use has been designed and tested in the laboratory .
The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to remove iron to below 0 . 3ppm without increasing the pH above the acceptable limit .
The optimum values of the different parameters for removal of iron are 200-300mgl ( -1 ) ash , 1 . 0lh ( -1 ) flow rate and 1h of contact time with ash for groundwater having [ Fe ] of about 2 . 20ppm .
The amount of ash can be increased for groundwater having higher [ Fe ] and can be decreased gradually during continuous use of the system .
Acceptability of the method has been examined based on chemical analysis of the treated water .
Increase in the essential minerals such as Ca , K has been observed in the water after treatment .
The designed iron removing system is expected to be suitable for household use .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: The study included laboratory analysis of some relevant chemical parameters of the ashes and the efficiency of the ashes in removing iron from prefabricated water with respect to quantity of ash and corresponding increase in pH of water .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The optimum values of the different parameters for removal of iron are 200-300mgl ( -1 ) ash , 1 . 0lh ( -1 ) flow rate and 1h of contact time with ash for groundwater having [ Fe ] of about 2 . 20ppm .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A traditional method for removal of iron from ground water by using ash has been systematically investigated .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ashes from five different sources , viz . , banana rind , banana pseudostem , banana leaf , rice husk and bamboo has been studied .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The principle applied is enhanced precipitation of iron at high pH caused by ash .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to be most suitable for removal of iron .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ash of banana pseudostem has been found to remove iron to below 0 . 3ppm without increasing the pH above the acceptable limit .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amount of ash can be increased for groundwater having higher [ Fe ] and can be decreased gradually during continuous use of the system .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking among women of the E3N-EPIC cohort .
| | Author: Touvier M Niravong M Volatier JL Lafay L Lioret S Clavel-Chapelon F Boutron-Ruault MC | | Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Citation: V : 63 P : 39-47 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17882135 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES : An understanding of the relationships between dietary habits and supplement use or smoking is useful for aetiological studies and surveillance purposes .
The objective of this study is to describe dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking habits in French women .
METHODS : Scores for dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis in 64 , 252 women from the French E3N-EPIC cohort .
The association with supplement and tobacco use was investigated by logistic regression analysis .
RESULTS : We identified three dietary patterns : processed meat/starchy foods ( fast foods , processed meat , rice/pasta/semolina and cakes and few vegetables ) ; fruit/vegetables ( fruits , vegetables , seafood , vegetable oils and yoghurt ) ; and alcohol/meat products ( alcohol , meat and meat products , and coffee , and few fruits and soup ) .
Supplement use was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( multivariate OR for quartile 4 versus 1 ( OR ( 4 ) ) =1 . 55 , 95% confidence interval : 1 . 47-1 . 63 ) , and inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 84 ; 0 . 80-0 . 89 ) and alcohol/meat products ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 69 ; 0 . 66-0 . 73 ) patterns ( P trend for all associations <0 . 0001 ) .
As compared with never smoking , current smoking was inversely associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 85 ; 0 . 78-0 . 92 ) , while former smoking was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =1 . 32 ; 1 . 25-1 . 40 ) ; both current and former smoking were inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 57 ; 0 . 53-0 . 62 and 0 . 64 ; 0 . 60-0 . 67 , respectively ) ; whereas current and former smoking were both strongly positively associated with the alcohol/meat products pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =5 . 78 ; 5 . 26-6 . 36 and 2 . 03 ; 1 . 91-2 . 15 , respectively ) ; P trend for all associations was <0 . 001 .
CONCLUSIONS : Supplement use and smoking are strongly associated with dietary patterns .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 5.00 ]: As compared with never smoking , current smoking was inversely associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 85 ; 0 . 78-0 . 92 ) , while former smoking was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =1 . 32 ; 1 . 25-1 . 40 ) ; both current and former smoking were inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 57 ; 0 . 53-0 . 62 and 0 . 64 ; 0 . 60-0 . 67 , respectively ) ; whereas current and former smoking were both strongly positively associated with the alcohol/meat products pattern ( OR ( 4 ) =5 . 78 ; 5 . 26-6 . 36 and 2 . 03 ; 1 . 91-2 . 15 , respectively ) ; P trend for all associations was <0 . 001 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Supplement use was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern ( multivariate OR for quartile 4 versus 1 ( OR ( 4 ) ) =1 . 55 , 95% confidence interval : 1 . 47-1 . 63 ) , and inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 84 ; 0 . 80-0 . 89 ) and alcohol/meat products ( OR ( 4 ) =0 . 69 ; 0 . 66-0 . 73 ) patterns ( P trend for all associations <0 . 0001 ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objective of this study is to describe dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking habits in French women .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The association with supplement and tobacco use was investigated by logistic regression analysis .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Supplement use and smoking are strongly associated with dietary patterns .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Cholesterol ester transfer protein , interleukin-8 , peroxisome proliferator activator receptor alpha , and Toll-like receptor 4 genetic variations and risk of incident nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke .
| | Author: Enquobahrie DA Smith NL Bis JC Carty CL Rice KM Lumley T Hindorff LA Lemaitre RN Williams MA Siscovick DS Heckbert SR Psaty BM | | Journal: Am J Cardiol Citation: V : 101 P : 1683-8 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18549840 | | Abstract: Variations in candidate genes participating in oxidative stress , inflammation , and their interactions are potentially associated with diseases of atherosclerotic origin .
We investigated independent and joint associations of variations in cholesterol ester transfer protein ( CETP ) , interleukin-8 ( IL8 ) , peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha ( PPARA ) , and Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) genes with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction ( MI ) or ischemic stroke .
In a population-based case-control study , patients ( 848 with MI and 368 with ischemic stroke ) and controls ( 2 , 682 ) were recruited from postmenopausal women and hypertensive men/women who were members of Group Health in western Washington State .
Common tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ; n=34 ) representing gene-wide variations were selected from gene sequencing data using pairwise linkage disequilibrium .
Haplotypes were inferred using a modified expectation maximization algorithm .
Multivariate logistic regression evaluated individual haplotype and SNP-disease associations in log-additive models .
Global haplotype tests assessed overall gene-disease associations .
Logic regression was used to evaluate gene-gene interactions .
False discovery rates and permutation tests were used for multiple testing adjustment in evaluating independent associations and interactions , respectively .
Overall , gene-wide variations in PPARA and TLR4 genes were associated with MI .
The minor allele of the PPARA SNP , rs4253623 , was associated with a higher risk of MI ( odds ratio 1 . 25 , 95% confidence interval 1 . 08 to 1 . 46 ) , whereas the minor allele of the TLR4 SNP , rs1927911 , was associated with a lower risk of MI ( odds ratio 0 . 88 , 95% confidence interval 0 . 77 to 0 . 99 ) .
No within-gene or gene-gene interaction was associated with MI or ischemic stroke risk .
In conclusion , potential SNP-disease associations identified in the present study are novel and need further investigation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Global haplotype tests assessed overall gene-disease associations .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: The minor allele of the PPARA SNP , rs4253623 , was associated with a higher risk of MI ( odds ratio 1 . 25 , 95% confidence interval 1 . 08 to 1 . 46 ) , whereas the minor allele of the TLR4 SNP , rs1927911 , was associated with a lower risk of MI ( odds ratio 0 . 88 , 95% confidence interval 0 . 77 to 0 . 99 ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Variations in candidate genes participating in oxidative stress , inflammation , and their interactions are potentially associated with diseases of atherosclerotic origin .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated independent and joint associations of variations in cholesterol ester transfer protein ( CETP ) , interleukin-8 ( IL8 ) , peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha ( PPARA ) , and Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) genes with incident nonfatal myocardial infarction ( MI ) or ischemic stroke .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Multivariate logistic regression evaluated individual haplotype and SNP-disease associations in log-additive models .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: False discovery rates and permutation tests were used for multiple testing adjustment in evaluating independent associations and interactions , respectively .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overall , gene-wide variations in PPARA and TLR4 genes were associated with MI .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: No within-gene or gene-gene interaction was associated with MI or ischemic stroke risk .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: In conclusion , potential SNP-disease associations identified in the present study are novel and need further investigation .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: A sensitive cardiac troponin T assay in stable coronary artery disease .
| | Author: Omland T de Lemos JA Sabatine MS Christophi CA Rice MM Jablonski KA Tjora S Domanski MJ Gersh BJ Rouleau JL Pfeffer MA Braunwald E | | Journal: N Engl J Med Citation: V : 361 P : 2538-47 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19940289 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : In most patients with stable coronary artery disease , plasma cardiac troponin T levels are below the limit of detection for the conventional assay .
The distribution and determinants of very low circulating troponin T levels , as well as their association with cardiovascular events , in such patients are unknown .
METHODS : We used a new , high-sensitivity assay to determine the concentration of cardiac troponin T in plasma samples from 3679 patients with stable coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function .
Results of the assay were analyzed in relation to the incidence of cardiovascular events during a median follow-up period of 5 . 2 years .
RESULTS : With the highly sensitive assay , concentrations of cardiac troponin T were at or above the limit of detection ( 0 . 001 microg per liter ) in 3593 patients ( 97 . 7% ) and at or above the 99th percentile for apparently healthy subjects ( 0 . 0133 microg per liter ) in 407 patients ( 11 . 1% ) .
After adjustment for other independent prognostic indicators , there was a strong and graded increase in the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death ( adjusted hazard ratio per unit increase in the natural logarithm of the troponin T level , 2 . 09 ; 95% confidence interval [ CI ] , 1 . 60 to 2 . 74 ; P<0 . 001 ) and of heart failure ( adjusted hazard ratio , 2 . 20 ; 95% CI , 1 . 66 to 2 . 90 ; P<0 . 001 ) in this study group .
Increased risk associated with higher levels of troponin T was evident well below the limit of detection of conventional cardiac troponin T assays and below the 99th percentile of values in a healthy population .
There was no association between troponin T levels as measured with the highly sensitive assay and the incidence of myocardial infarction ( adjusted hazard ratio , 1 . 16 ; 95% CI , 0 . 97 to 1 . 40 ; P=0 . 11 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : After adjustment for other independent prognostic indicators , cardiac troponin T concentrations as measured with a highly sensitive assay were significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular death and heart failure but not with myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary artery disease .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Increased risk associated with higher levels of troponin T was evident well below the limit of detection of conventional cardiac troponin T assays and below the 99th percentile of values in a healthy population .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: There was no association between troponin T levels as measured with the highly sensitive assay and the incidence of myocardial infarction ( adjusted hazard ratio , 1 . 16 ; 95% CI , 0 . 97 to 1 . 40 ; P=0 . 11 ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : After adjustment for other independent prognostic indicators , cardiac troponin T concentrations as measured with a highly sensitive assay were significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular death and heart failure but not with myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary artery disease .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : In most patients with stable coronary artery disease , plasma cardiac troponin T levels are below the limit of detection for the conventional assay .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The distribution and determinants of very low circulating troponin T levels , as well as their association with cardiovascular events , in such patients are unknown .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : We used a new , high-sensitivity assay to determine the concentration of cardiac troponin T in plasma samples from 3679 patients with stable coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Results of the assay were analyzed in relation to the incidence of cardiovascular events during a median follow-up period of 5 . 2 years .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : With the highly sensitive assay , concentrations of cardiac troponin T were at or above the limit of detection ( 0 . 001 microg per liter ) in 3593 patients ( 97 . 7% ) and at or above the 99th percentile for apparently healthy subjects ( 0 . 0133 microg per liter ) in 407 patients ( 11 . 1% ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Genome-Wide Association Studies of MRI-Defined Brain Infarcts .
Meta-Analysis From the CHARGE Consortium .
| | Author: Debette S Bis JC Fornage M Schmidt H Ikram MA Sigurdsson S Heiss G Struchalin M Smith AV van der Lugt A Decarli C Lumley T Knopman DS Enzinger C Eiriksdottir G Koudstaal PJ Destefano AL Psaty BM Dufouil C Catellier DJ Fazekas F Aspelund T Aulchenko YS Beiser A Rotter JI Tzourio C Shibata DK Tscherner M Harris TB Rivadeneira F Atwood LD Rice K Gottesman RF van Buchem MA Uitterlinden AG Kelly-Hayes M Cushman M Zhu Y Boerwinkle E Gudnason V Hofman A Romero JR Lopez O van Duijn CM Au R Heckbert SR Wolf PA Mosley TH Seshadri S Breteler MM Schmidt R Launer LJ Longstreth WT Jr | | Journal: Stroke Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20044523 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : Previous studies examining genetic associations with MRI-defined brain infarct have yielded inconsistent findings .
We investigated genetic variation underlying covert MRI infarct in persons without histories of transient ischemic attack or stroke .
We performed meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of white participants in 6 studies comprising the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology ( CHARGE ) consortium .
METHODS : Using 2 . 2 million genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms , each study performed cross-sectional genome-wide association analysis of MRI infarct using age and sex-adjusted logistic regression models .
Study-specific findings were combined in an inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis , including 9401 participants with mean age 69 . 7 ( 19 . 4% of whom had >/=1 MRI infarct ) .
RESULTS : The most significant association was found with rs2208454 ( minor allele frequency , 20% ) , located in intron 3 of MACRO domain containing 2 gene and in the downstream region of fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 3 gene .
Each copy of the minor allele was associated with lower risk of MRI infarcts ( odds ratio , 0 . 76 ; 95% confidence interval , 0 . 68-0 . 84 ; P=4 . 64x10 ( -7 ) ) .
Highly suggestive associations ( P<1 . 0x10 ( -5 ) ) were also found for 22 other single nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium ( r ( 2 ) >0 . 64 ) with rs2208454 .
The association with rs2208454 did not replicate in independent samples of 1822 white and 644 black participants , although 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 200 kb from rs2208454 were associated with MRI infarcts in the black population sample .
CONCLUSIONS : This first community-based , genome-wide association study on covert MRI infarcts uncovered novel associations .
Although replication of the association with top single nucleotide polymorphisms failed , possibly because of insufficient power , results in the black population sample are encouraging , and further efforts at replication are needed .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The association with rs2208454 did not replicate in independent samples of 1822 white and 644 black participants , although 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 200 kb from rs2208454 were associated with MRI infarcts in the black population sample .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : This first community-based , genome-wide association study on covert MRI infarcts uncovered novel associations .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : Previous studies examining genetic associations with MRI-defined brain infarct have yielded inconsistent findings .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We performed meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of white participants in 6 studies comprising the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology ( CHARGE ) consortium .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : Using 2 . 2 million genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms , each study performed cross-sectional genome-wide association analysis of MRI infarct using age and sex-adjusted logistic regression models .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : The most significant association was found with rs2208454 ( minor allele frequency , 20% ) , located in intron 3 of MACRO domain containing 2 gene and in the downstream region of fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 3 gene .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Each copy of the minor allele was associated with lower risk of MRI infarcts ( odds ratio , 0 . 76 ; 95% confidence interval , 0 . 68-0 . 84 ; P=4 . 64x10 ( -7 ) ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Highly suggestive associations ( P<1 . 0x10 ( -5 ) ) were also found for 22 other single nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium ( r ( 2 ) >0 . 64 ) with rs2208454 .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although replication of the association with top single nucleotide polymorphisms failed , possibly because of insufficient power , results in the black population sample are encouraging , and further efforts at replication are needed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Parent-reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in US-born children : an assessment of changes within birth cohorts from the 2003 to the 2007 National Survey of Childrens Health .
| | Author: Schieve LA Rice C Yeargin-Allsopp M Boyle CA Kogan MD Drews C Devine O | | Journal: Matern Child Health J Citation: V : 16 Suppl 1 P : S151-7 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22476793 | | Abstract: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) from the 2007 National Survey of Childrens Health ( NSCH ) was twice the 2003 NSCH estimate for autism .
From each NSCH , we selected children born in the US from 1990 to 2000 .
We estimated autism prevalence within each 1-year birth cohort to hold genetic and non-genetic prenatal factors constant .
Prevalence differences across surveys thus reflect survey measurement changes and/or external identification effects .
In 2003 , parents were asked whether their child was ever diagnosed with autism .
In 2007 , parents were asked whether their child was ever diagnosed with an ASD and whether s/he currently had an ASD .
For the 1997-2000 birth cohorts ( children aged 3-6 years in 2003 and 7-10 years in 2007 ) , relative increases between 2003 autism estimates and 2007 ASD estimates were 200-600 % .
For the 1990-1996 birth cohorts ( children aged 7-13 years in 2003 ) increases were lower ; nonetheless , differences between 2003 estimates and 2007 "ever ASD" estimates were >100 % for 6 cohorts and differences between 2003 estimates and 2007 "current ASD" estimates were >80 % for 3 cohorts .
The magnitude of most birth cohort-specific differences suggests continuing diagnosis of children in the community played a sizable role in the 2003-2007 ASD prevalence increase .
While some increase was expected for 1997-2000 cohorts , because some children have later diagnoses coinciding with school entry , increases were also observed for children ages >/= 7 years in 2003 .
Given past ASD subtype studies , the 2003 "autism" question might have missed a modest amount ( ASDs other than autistic disorder .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: In 2007 , parents were asked whether their child was ever diagnosed with an ASD and whether s/he currently had an ASD .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: For the 1990-1996 birth cohorts ( children aged 7-13 years in 2003 ) increases were lower ; nonetheless , differences between 2003 estimates and 2007 "ever ASD" estimates were >100 % for 6 cohorts and differences between 2003 estimates and 2007 "current ASD" estimates were >80 % for 3 cohorts .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: Given past ASD subtype studies , the 2003 "autism" question might have missed a modest amount ( ASDs other than autistic disorder .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) from the 2007 National Survey of Childrens Health ( NSCH ) was twice the 2003 NSCH estimate for autism .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In 2003 , parents were asked whether their child was ever diagnosed with autism .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: For the 1997-2000 birth cohorts ( children aged 3-6 years in 2003 and 7-10 years in 2007 ) , relative increases between 2003 autism estimates and 2007 ASD estimates were 200-600 % .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The magnitude of most birth cohort-specific differences suggests continuing diagnosis of children in the community played a sizable role in the 2003-2007 ASD prevalence increase .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Carers perception of childhood asthma and its management in a selected Pakistani community .
| | Author: Hazir T Das C Piracha F Waheed B Azam M | | Journal: Arch . Dis . Child . Citation: V : 87 ( 4 ) P : 287-90 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12243996 | | Abstract: AIMS : To gather information on the level of disease awareness among the carers of asthmatic children and to determine whether it can help us draw inferences about the possible impact of prevailing perceptions on the management of asthma?
METHODS : Subjects were childrens parents/guardians visiting the asthma clinic , Childrens Hospital , Islamabad .
The questionnaire included items on general understanding of asthma , its triggers , and management .
RESULTS : Two hundred carers of asthmatic patients participated .
Thirty six per cent thought that asthma is a communicable disease .
Rice and oily foods were blamed for asthmatic exacerbations in up to 57% of cases ; 82% felt that inhalation therapy is effective in controlling asthma symptoms .
CONCLUSIONS : Asthma awareness is inadequate .
The majority of the carers unnecessarily blamed and withheld many nutritious foods .
Social stigmata can undermine the self esteem of growing asthmatics .
Lack of awareness is not significantly related to the socioeconomic or educational background .
Awareness raising strategies are needed in the community .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: AIMS : To gather information on the level of disease awareness among the carers of asthmatic children and to determine whether it can help us draw inferences about the possible impact of prevailing perceptions on the management of asthma?
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice and oily foods were blamed for asthmatic exacerbations in up to 57% of cases ; 82% felt that inhalation therapy is effective in controlling asthma symptoms .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : Subjects were childrens parents/guardians visiting the asthma clinic , Childrens Hospital , Islamabad .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The questionnaire included items on general understanding of asthma , its triggers , and management .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : Two hundred carers of asthmatic patients participated .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thirty six per cent thought that asthma is a communicable disease .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Asthma awareness is inadequate .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Social stigmata can undermine the self esteem of growing asthmatics .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Asian migration to Australia : food and health consequences .
| | Author: Wahlqvist ML .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 11 Suppl 3 ( ) P : S562-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12492648 | | Abstract: Australias food and health patterns are inextricably and increasingly linked with Asia .
Indigenous Australians arrived in the continent via Asia and have linguistic connections with people who settled in south India ; there was interaction and food trade between both South-East Asia and China and northern indigenous Australians over thousands of years .
After European settlement in 1788 , there have been several and increasing ( apart from the period of the infamous White Australian Policy following the Colonial period and Independence , with Federation , in 1901 ) waves of Asian migration , notably during the gold rush ( Chinese ) , the building of the overland Telegraph ( Afghans ) , the Colombo Plan and Asian student education in Australia from the 1950s onwards ( South-Eeast Asians ) , and with refugees ( Vietnamese and mainland Chinese ) , and business ( late twentieth century ) and progressive family reunion .
Each wave has injected additional food cultural elements and caused a measure of health change for migrants and host citizens .
Of principal advantage to Australia has been the progressive diversification of the food supply and associated health protection .
This has increased food security and sustainability .
The process of Australian eating patterns becoming Asianized is evident through market garden development ( and the introduction of new foods ) , fresh food markets and groceries , restaurants and the development of household cooking skills ( often taught by student boarders ) .
Most of the diversification has been with grain ( rice ) , legumes ( soy ) , greens , root vegetables , and various exotic fruits .
Food acculturation with migration is generally bi-directional Thus , for Asians in Australia , there has been a decrease in energy expenditure ( and a lower plane of energy throughput ) , an increase in food energy density ( through increased fat and sugary drink intakes ) , and a decrease in certain health protective foods ( lentils , soy , greens ) and beverages ( tea ) .
This sets the stage for eco-diseases .
In a population probably genetically programmed ( but modifiably ) in utero to abdominal obesity , diabetes ( type II and gestational ) and cardiovascular disease , these conditions may be rapidly acquired on migration , along with certain cancers ( breast , colo-rectal and prostate ) .
Thus , whilst Asian migration to Australia has provided health opportunities for host citizens , there have been threats to migrant citizens in regard to nutrition-related health .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: After European settlement in 1788 , there have been several and increasing ( apart from the period of the infamous White Australian Policy following the Colonial period and Independence , with Federation , in 1901 ) waves of Asian migration , notably during the gold rush ( Chinese ) , the building of the overland Telegraph ( Afghans ) , the Colombo Plan and Asian student education in Australia from the 1950s onwards ( South-Eeast Asians ) , and with refugees ( Vietnamese and mainland Chinese ) , and business ( late twentieth century ) and progressive family reunion .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Indigenous Australians arrived in the continent via Asia and have linguistic connections with people who settled in south India ; there was interaction and food trade between both South-East Asia and China and northern indigenous Australians over thousands of years .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Australias food and health patterns are inextricably and increasingly linked with Asia .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of principal advantage to Australia has been the progressive diversification of the food supply and associated health protection .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The process of Australian eating patterns becoming Asianized is evident through market garden development ( and the introduction of new foods ) , fresh food markets and groceries , restaurants and the development of household cooking skills ( often taught by student boarders ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Food acculturation with migration is generally bi-directional Thus , for Asians in Australia , there has been a decrease in energy expenditure ( and a lower plane of energy throughput ) , an increase in food energy density ( through increased fat and sugary drink intakes ) , and a decrease in certain health protective foods ( lentils , soy , greens ) and beverages ( tea ) .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , whilst Asian migration to Australia has provided health opportunities for host citizens , there have been threats to migrant citizens in regard to nutrition-related health .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Dietary patterns of Hispanic elders are associated with acculturation and obesity .
| | Author: Lin H Bermudez OI Tucker KL .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Citation: V : 133 ( 11 ) P : 3651-7 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14608089 | | Abstract: The association of dietary patterns and obesity , particularly in Hispanics , is relatively poorly understood .
This large US population subgroup has a high prevalence of obesity and associated chronic conditions , and Hispanics are changing their dietary practices as they acculturate .
Our objectives were 1 ) to identify dietary patterns among elderly Hispanics in Massachusetts , compared with those of non-Hispanic whites ; 2 ) to associate dietary patterns with acculturation ; and 3 ) to associate dietary patterns with total and central obesity .
We used a representative sample of 449 Puerto Rican and 133 Dominican elders and a neighborhood-based sample of 243 non-Hispanic white elders , aged 60 to 92 y , from the cross-sectional Massachusetts Hispanic Elders Study .
Obesity and central obesity were assessed with BMI ( kg/m2 ) and waist circumference measurement , respectively .
Acculturation was assessed by evaluating language use .
Usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire specifically designed for use with this population .
Dietary patterns were defined by cluster analysis of food group variables .
We identified five clusters of individuals by dietary pattern , with proportionately greater energy intake from 1 ) fruit and breakfast cereal , 2 ) starchy vegetables , 3 ) rice , 4 ) whole milk and 5 ) sweets , respectively .
Hispanics were less likely to follow the fruit and cereal or sweets patterns , and more likely to follow the starchy vegetables or milk patterns , than were non-Hispanic whites .
Only Hispanics followed the rice pattern .
Among Hispanics , acculturation was positively associated with the fruit and cereal pattern , and negatively with the rice pattern .
Total and central obesity were positively associated with the rice pattern .
Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal nature of these associations .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Our objectives were 1 ) to identify dietary patterns among elderly Hispanics in Massachusetts , compared with those of non-Hispanic whites ; 2 ) to associate dietary patterns with acculturation ; and 3 ) to associate dietary patterns with total and central obesity .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The association of dietary patterns and obesity , particularly in Hispanics , is relatively poorly understood .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This large US population subgroup has a high prevalence of obesity and associated chronic conditions , and Hispanics are changing their dietary practices as they acculturate .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Obesity and central obesity were assessed with BMI ( kg/m2 ) and waist circumference measurement , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Acculturation was assessed by evaluating language use .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire specifically designed for use with this population .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among Hispanics , acculturation was positively associated with the fruit and cereal pattern , and negatively with the rice pattern .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Total and central obesity were positively associated with the rice pattern .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal nature of these associations .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Sequence analysis of bacterial artificial chromosome clones from the apospory-specific genomic region of Pennisetum and Cenchrus .
| | Author: Conner JA Goel S Gunawan G Cordonnier-Pratt MM Johnson VE Liang C Wang H Pratt LH Mullet JE Debarry J Yang L Bennetzen JL Klein PE Ozias-Akins P | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 147 P : 1396-411 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18508959 | | Abstract: Apomixis , asexual reproduction through seed , is widespread among angiosperm families .
Gametophytic apomixis in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris is controlled by the apospory-specific genomic region ( ASGR ) , which is highly conserved and macrosyntenic between these species .
Thirty-two ASGR bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ) isolated from both species and one ASGR-recombining BAC from P squamulatum , which together cover approximately 2 . 7 Mb of DNA , were used to investigate the genomic structure of this region .
Phrap assembly of 4 , 521 high-quality reads generated 1 , 341 contiguous sequences ( contigs ; 730 from the ASGR and 30 from the ASGR-recombining BAC in P squamulatum , plus 580 from the C ciliaris ASGR ) .
Contigs containing putative protein-coding regions unrelated to transposable elements were identified based on protein similarity after Basic Local Alignment Search Tool X analysis .
These putative coding regions were further analyzed in silico with reference to the rice ( Oryza sativa ) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) genomes using the resources at Gramene ( www . gramene . org ) and Phytozome ( www . phytozome . net ) and by hybridization against sorghum BAC filters .
The ASGR sequences reveal that the ASGR ( 1 ) contains both gene-rich and gene-poor segments , ( 2 ) contains several genes that may play a role in apomictic development , ( 3 ) has many classes of transposable elements , and ( 4 ) does not exhibit large-scale synteny with either rice or sorghum genomes but does contain multiple regions of microsynteny with these species .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 4.00 ]: Phrap assembly of 4 , 521 high-quality reads generated 1 , 341 contiguous sequences ( contigs ; 730 from the ASGR and 30 from the ASGR-recombining BAC in P squamulatum , plus 580 from the C ciliaris ASGR ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Thirty-two ASGR bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ) isolated from both species and one ASGR-recombining BAC from P squamulatum , which together cover approximately 2 . 7 Mb of DNA , were used to investigate the genomic structure of this region .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The ASGR sequences reveal that the ASGR ( 1 ) contains both gene-rich and gene-poor segments , ( 2 ) contains several genes that may play a role in apomictic development , ( 3 ) has many classes of transposable elements , and ( 4 ) does not exhibit large-scale synteny with either rice or sorghum genomes but does contain multiple regions of microsynteny with these species .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Apomixis , asexual reproduction through seed , is widespread among angiosperm families .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gametophytic apomixis in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris is controlled by the apospory-specific genomic region ( ASGR ) , which is highly conserved and macrosyntenic between these species .
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| Title: Exhaled nitric oxide decreases in association with attendance at an asthma summer cAMP .
| | Author: Kaminsky DA Rice AA Bissonette M Larose T Phillips L Cohen L Lahiri T Frankowski B | | Journal: J Asthma Citation: V : 45 P : 415-9 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18569236 | | Abstract: Attendance at a summer asthma camp has been associated with improved outcomes in children with asthma .
We hypothesized that one mechanism involved in improved asthma outcomes is reduction in airway inflammation .
To investigate this , we measured the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide ( FeNO ) , lung function ( forced expiratory volume in 1 sec , FEV ( 1 ) ) and asthma control ( Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire , ACQ ) from children at the beginning and end of a 1-week asthma summer camp .
We also obtained a symptoms-only ACQ at 1 and 6 months after the end of camp .
We enrolled 10 girls , 17 boys , mean ( +/- SD ) age = 9 . 6 +/- 1 . 3 years .
At baseline , FeNO ( ppb ) , median ( 25-75 IQR ) = 11 . 4 ( 7 . 2-21 . 3 ) ; ACQ = 0 . 86 ( 0 . 43-1 . 21 ) ; FEV ( 1 ) ( %pred , mean +/- SD ) = 87 +/- 10 .
At the end of camp , FeNO = 6 . 2 ( 4 . 4-8 . 4 ) , a change of -45% , p < 0 . 0001 ; ACQ = 0 . 71 ( 0 . 43-1 . 14 ) , a fall of 14% , p = 0 . 72 ; and mean FEV ( 1 ) % predicted remained unchanged .
There were no significant changes in the follow-up symptoms-only ACQ at 1 and 6 months .
We conclude that airway inflammation , as measured by FeNO , improved during 1 week of asthma camp , but there were no significant changes in lung function or asthma control .
Since no child had a change in anti-inflammatory therapy during camp , these findings suggest that airway inflammation was reduced because of improved adherence to therapy and/or reduced exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli in the home environment .
The finding of reduced inflammation following attendance at an asthma summer camp should motivate the child , the parents and the clinician to focus their efforts on improving adherence to therapy and reducing exposures at home .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: Attendance at a summer asthma camp has been associated with improved outcomes in children with asthma .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: To investigate this , we measured the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide ( FeNO ) , lung function ( forced expiratory volume in 1 sec , FEV ( 1 ) ) and asthma control ( Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire , ACQ ) from children at the beginning and end of a 1-week asthma summer camp .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: We conclude that airway inflammation , as measured by FeNO , improved during 1 week of asthma camp , but there were no significant changes in lung function or asthma control .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We hypothesized that one mechanism involved in improved asthma outcomes is reduction in airway inflammation .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The finding of reduced inflammation following attendance at an asthma summer camp should motivate the child , the parents and the clinician to focus their efforts on improving adherence to therapy and reducing exposures at home .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Genetic variants associated with cardiac structure and function : a meta-analysis and replication of genome-wide association data .
| | Author: Vasan RS Glazer NL Felix JF Lieb W Wild PS Felix SB Watzinger N Larson MG Smith NL Dehghan A Grosshennig A Schillert A Teumer A Schmidt R Kathiresan S Lumley T Aulchenko YS Konig IR Zeller T Homuth G Struchalin M Aragam J Bis JC Rivadeneira F Erdmann J Schnabel RB Dorr M Zweiker R Lind L Rodeheffer RJ Greiser KH Levy D Haritunians T Deckers JW Stritzke J Lackner KJ Volker U Ingelsson E Kullo I Haerting J ODonnell CJ Heckbert SR Stricker BH Ziegler A Reffelmann T Redfield MM Werdan K Mitchell GF Rice K Arnett DK Hofman A Gottdiener JS Uitterlinden AG Meitinger T Blettner M Friedrich N Wang TJ Psaty BM van Duijn CM Wichmann HE Munzel TF Kroemer HK Benjamin EJ Rotter JI Witteman JC Schunkert H Schmidt H Volzke H Blankenberg S | | Journal: JAMA Citation: V : 302 P : 168-78 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19584346 | | Abstract: CONTEXT : Echocardiographic measures of left ventricular ( LV ) structure and function are heritable phenotypes of cardiovascular disease .
OBJECTIVE : To identify common genetic variants associated with cardiac structure and function by conducting a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 5 population-based cohort studies ( stage 1 ) with replication ( stage 2 ) in 2 other community-based samples .
DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS : Within each of 5 community-based cohorts comprising the EchoGen consortium ( stage 1 ; n = 12 612 individuals of European ancestry ; 55% women , aged 26-95 years ; examinations between 1978-2008 ) , we estimated the association between approximately 2 . 5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ; imputed to the HapMap CEU panel ) and echocardiographic traits .
In stage 2 , SNPs significantly associated with traits in stage 1 were tested for association in 2 other cohorts ( n = 4094 people of European ancestry ) .
Using a prespecified P value threshold of 5 x 10 ( -7 ) to indicate genome-wide significance , we performed an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from each cohort .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Echocardiographic traits : LV mass , internal dimensions , wall thickness , systolic dysfunction , aortic root , and left atrial size .
RESULTS : In stage 1 , 16 genetic loci were associated with 5 echocardiographic traits : 1 each with LV internal dimensions and systolic dysfunction , 3 each with LV mass and wall thickness , and 8 with aortic root size .
In stage 2 , 5 loci replicated ( 6q22 locus associated with LV diastolic dimensions , explaining <1% of trait variance ; 5q23 , 12p12 , 12q14 , and 17p13 associated with aortic root size , explaining 1%-3% of trait variance ) .
CONCLUSIONS : We identified 5 genetic loci harboring common variants that were associated with variation in LV diastolic dimensions and aortic root size , but such findings explained a very small proportion of variance .
Further studies are required to replicate these findings , identify the causal variants at or near these loci , characterize their functional significance , and determine whether they are related to overt cardiovascular disease .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To identify common genetic variants associated with cardiac structure and function by conducting a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 5 population-based cohort studies ( stage 1 ) with replication ( stage 2 ) in 2 other community-based samples .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: In stage 2 , SNPs significantly associated with traits in stage 1 were tested for association in 2 other cohorts ( n = 4094 people of European ancestry ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: In stage 2 , 5 loci replicated ( 6q22 locus associated with LV diastolic dimensions , explaining <1% of trait variance ; 5q23 , 12p12 , 12q14 , and 17p13 associated with aortic root size , explaining 1%-3% of trait variance ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS : Within each of 5 community-based cohorts comprising the EchoGen consortium ( stage 1 ; n = 12 612 individuals of European ancestry ; 55% women , aged 26-95 years ; examinations between 1978-2008 ) , we estimated the association between approximately 2 . 5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ; imputed to the HapMap CEU panel ) and echocardiographic traits .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using a prespecified P value threshold of 5 x 10 ( -7 ) to indicate genome-wide significance , we performed an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from each cohort .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : In stage 1 , 16 genetic loci were associated with 5 echocardiographic traits : 1 each with LV internal dimensions and systolic dysfunction , 3 each with LV mass and wall thickness , and 8 with aortic root size .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : We identified 5 genetic loci harboring common variants that were associated with variation in LV diastolic dimensions and aortic root size , but such findings explained a very small proportion of variance .
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| Title: Circulating beta-carotene levels and type 2 diabetes-cause or effect?
| | Author: Perry JR Ferrucci L Bandinelli S Guralnik J Semba RD Rice N Melzer D Saxena R Scott LJ McCarthy MI Hattersley AT Zeggini E Weedon MN Frayling TM | | Journal: Diabetologia Citation: V : 52 P : 2117-21 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19662379 | | Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS : Circulating beta-carotene levels are inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes , but the causal direction of this association is not certain .
In this study we used a Mendelian randomisation approach to provide evidence for or against the causal role of the antioxidant vitamin beta-carotene in type 2 diabetes .
METHODS : We used a common polymorphism ( rs6564851 ) near the BCMO1 gene , which is strongly associated with circulating beta-carotene levels ( p = 2 x 10 ( -24 ) ) , with each G allele associated with a 0 . 27 standard deviation increase in levels .
We used data from the InCHIANTI and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men ( ULSAM ) studies to estimate the association between beta-carotene levels and type 2 diabetes .
We next used a triangulation approach to estimate the expected effect of rs6564851 on type 2 diabetes risk and compared this with the observed effect using data from 4549 type 2 diabetes patients and 5579 controls from the Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis ( DIAGRAM ) Consortium .
RESULTS : A 0 . 27 standard deviation increase in beta-carotene levels was associated with an OR of 0 . 90 ( 95% CI 0 . 86-0 . 95 ) for type 2 diabetes in the InCHIANTI study .
This association was similar to that of the ULSAM study ( OR 0 . 90 [ 0 . 84-0 . 97 ] ) .
In contrast , there was no association between rs6564851 and type 2 diabetes ( OR 0 . 98 [ 0 . 93-1 . 04 ] , p = 0 . 58 ) ; this effect size was also smaller than that expected , given the known associations between rs6564851 and beta-carotene levels , and the associations between beta-carotene levels and type 2 diabetes .
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION : Our findings in this Mendelian randomisation study are in keeping with randomised controlled trials suggesting that beta-carotene is not causally protective against type 2 diabetes .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: In contrast , there was no association between rs6564851 and type 2 diabetes ( OR 0 . 98 [ 0 . 93-1 . 04 ] , p = 0 . 58 ) ; this effect size was also smaller than that expected , given the known associations between rs6564851 and beta-carotene levels , and the associations between beta-carotene levels and type 2 diabetes .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS : Circulating beta-carotene levels are inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes , but the causal direction of this association is not certain .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: METHODS : We used a common polymorphism ( rs6564851 ) near the BCMO1 gene , which is strongly associated with circulating beta-carotene levels ( p = 2 x 10 ( -24 ) ) , with each G allele associated with a 0 . 27 standard deviation increase in levels .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We used data from the InCHIANTI and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men ( ULSAM ) studies to estimate the association between beta-carotene levels and type 2 diabetes .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : A 0 . 27 standard deviation increase in beta-carotene levels was associated with an OR of 0 . 90 ( 95% CI 0 . 86-0 . 95 ) for type 2 diabetes in the InCHIANTI study .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: This association was similar to that of the ULSAM study ( OR 0 . 90 [ 0 . 84-0 . 97 ] ) .
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| Title: A rapid and robust assay for detection of S-phase cell cycle progression in plant cells and it issues by using ethynyl deoxyuridine .
| | Author: Kotogany E Dudits D Horvath GV Ayaydin F | | Journal: Plant Methods Citation: V : 6 P : 5 Year: 2010 Type: PubMed-not-MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20181034 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Progress in plant cell cycle research is highly dependent on reliable methods for detection of cells replicating DNA .
Frequency of S-phase cells ( cells in DNA synthesis phase ) is a basic parameter in studies on the control of cell division cycle and the developmental events of plant cells .
Here we extend the microscopy and flow cytometry applications of the recently developed EdU ( 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine ) -based S-phase assay to various plant species and it issues .
We demonstrate that the presented protocols insure the improved preservation of cell and it issue structure and allow significant reduction in assay duration .
In comparison with the frequently used detection of bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdU ) and tritiated-thymidine incorporation , this new methodology offers several advantages as we discuss here .
RESULTS : Applications of EdU-based S-phase assay in microscopy and flow cytometry are presented by using cultured cells of alfalfa , Arabidopsis , grape , maize , rice and tobacco We present the advantages of EdU assay as compared to BrdU-based replication assay and demonstrate that EdU assay -which does not require plant cell wall digestion or DNA denaturation steps , offers reduced assay duration and better preservation of cellular , nuclear and chromosomal morphologies .
We have also shown that fast and efficient EdU assay can also be an efficient tool for dual parameter flow cytometry analysis and for quantitative assessment of replication in thick root samples of rice .
CONCLUSIONS : In plant cell cycle studies , EdU-based S-phase detection offers a superior alternative to the existing S-phase assays .
EdU method is reliable , versatile , fast , simple and non-radioactive and it can be readily applied to many different plant systems .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 5.00 ]: RESULTS : Applications of EdU-based S-phase assay in microscopy and flow cytometry are presented by using cultured cells of alfalfa , Arabidopsis , grape , maize , rice and tobacco We present the advantages of EdU assay as compared to BrdU-based replication assay and demonstrate that EdU assay -which does not require plant cell wall digestion or DNA denaturation steps , offers reduced assay duration and better preservation of cellular , nuclear and chromosomal morphologies .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: We have also shown that fast and efficient EdU assay can also be an efficient tool for dual parameter flow cytometry analysis and for quantitative assessment of replication in thick root samples of rice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we extend the microscopy and flow cytometry applications of the recently developed EdU ( 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine ) -based S-phase assay to various plant species and it issues .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We demonstrate that the presented protocols insure the improved preservation of cell and it issue structure and allow significant reduction in assay duration .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : In plant cell cycle studies , EdU-based S-phase detection offers a superior alternative to the existing S-phase assays .
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| Title: A novel gene , ROA , is required for normal morphogenesis and discharge of ascospores in Gibberella zeae .
| | Author: Min K Lee J Kim JC Kim SG Kim YH Vogel S Trail F Lee YW | | Journal: Eukaryot Cell Citation: V : 9 P : 1495-503 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20802018 | | Abstract: Head blight , caused by Gibberella zeae , is a significant disease among cereal crops , including wheat , barley , and rice , due to contamination of grain with mycotoxins .
G zeae is spread by ascospores forcibly discharged from sexual fruiting bodies forming on crop residues .
In this study , we characterized a novel gene , ROA , which is required for normal sexual development .
Deletion of ROA ( Deltaroa ) resulted in an abnormal size and shape of asci and ascospores but did not affect vegetative growth .
The Deltaroa mutation triggered round ascospores and insufficient cell division after spore delimitation .
The asci of the Deltaroa strain discharged fewer ascospores from the perithecia but achieved a greater dispersal distance than those of the wild-type strain .
Turgor pressure within the asci was calculated through the analysis of osmolytes in the epiplasmic fluid .
Deletion of the ROA gene appeared to increase turgor pressure in the mutant asci .
The higher turgor pressure of the Deltaroa mutant asci and the mutant spore shape contributed to the longer distance dispersal When the Deltaroa mutant was outcrossed with a Deltamat1-2 mutant , a strain that contains a green fluorescence protein ( GFP ) marker in place of the MAT1-2 gene , unusual phenotypic segregation occurred .
The ratio of GFP to non-GFP segregation was 1 : 1 ; however , all eight spores had the same shape .
Taken together , the results of this study suggest that ROA plays multiple roles in maintaining the proper morphology and discharge of ascospores in G zeae .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Deletion of ROA ( Deltaroa ) resulted in an abnormal size and shape of asci and ascospores but did not affect vegetative growth .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The asci of the Deltaroa strain discharged fewer ascospores from the perithecia but achieved a greater dispersal distance than those of the wild-type strain .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: G zeae is spread by ascospores forcibly discharged from sexual fruiting bodies forming on crop residues .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Deltaroa mutation triggered round ascospores and insufficient cell division after spore delimitation .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Turgor pressure within the asci was calculated through the analysis of osmolytes in the epiplasmic fluid .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Deletion of the ROA gene appeared to increase turgor pressure in the mutant asci .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The higher turgor pressure of the Deltaroa mutant asci and the mutant spore shape contributed to the longer distance dispersal When the Deltaroa mutant was outcrossed with a Deltamat1-2 mutant , a strain that contains a green fluorescence protein ( GFP ) marker in place of the MAT1-2 gene , unusual phenotypic segregation occurred .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Taken together , the results of this study suggest that ROA plays multiple roles in maintaining the proper morphology and discharge of ascospores in G zeae .
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| Title: Are dietary patterns in childhood associated with IQ at 8 years of age?
A population-based cohort study .
| | Author: Northstone K Joinson C Emmett P Ness A Paus T | | Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Citation: V : 66 P : 624-8 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21300993 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Little is known about the effects of overall diet in childhood and intelligence later in life .
METHODS : The current study , based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children , uses data on childrens diet reported by parents in food-frequency questionnaires at 3 , 4 , 7 and 8 . 5 years of age .
Dietary patterns were identified using principal-components analysis and scores computed at each age .
IQ was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children at 8 . 5 years .
Data on a number of confounders were collected , and complete data were available for 3966 children .
RESULTS : After adjustment , the processed ( high fat and sugar content ) pattern of diet at 3 years of age was negatively associated with IQ assessed at 8 . 5 years of age-a 1 SD increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1 . 67 point decrease in IQ ( 95% CI -2 . 34 to -1 . 00 ; p<0 . 0001 ) .
The health-conscious ( salad , rice , pasta , fish , fruit ) pattern at 8 . 5 years was positively associated with IQ : a 1 SD increase in pattern score led to a 1 . 20 point increase in IQ ( 95% CI 0 . 52 to 1 . 88 ; p=0 . 001 ) .
CONCLUSION : There is evidence that a poor diet associated with high fat , sugar and processed food content in early childhood may be associated with small reductions in IQ in later childhood , while a healthy diet , associated with high intakes of nutrient rich foods described at about the time of IQ assessment may be associated with small increases in IQ .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 5.00 ]: CONCLUSION : There is evidence that a poor diet associated with high fat , sugar and processed food content in early childhood may be associated with small reductions in IQ in later childhood , while a healthy diet , associated with high intakes of nutrient rich foods described at about the time of IQ assessment may be associated with small increases in IQ .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: RESULTS : After adjustment , the processed ( high fat and sugar content ) pattern of diet at 3 years of age was negatively associated with IQ assessed at 8 . 5 years of age-a 1 SD increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1 . 67 point decrease in IQ ( 95% CI -2 . 34 to -1 . 00 ; p<0 . 0001 ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: IQ was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children at 8 . 5 years .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The health-conscious ( salad , rice , pasta , fish , fruit ) pattern at 8 . 5 years was positively associated with IQ : a 1 SD increase in pattern score led to a 1 . 20 point increase in IQ ( 95% CI 0 . 52 to 1 . 88 ; p=0 . 001 ) .
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| Title: Deviations from evidence-based clinical management guidelines increase mortality in critically injured trauma patients* .
| | Author: Rice TW Morris S Tortella BJ Wheeler AP Christensen MC | | Journal: Crit Care Med Citation: V : 40 P : 778-86 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22036858 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : The effect of treatment guidelines on clinical outcomes in general and specifically for trauma patients has not been well-studied .
We hypothesized that better compliance with guidelines would be associated with improved clinical outcomes .
DESIGN : Prospective , randomized , double-blinded , multicentered , placebo-controlled study of recombinant factor VII in severe trauma that utilized guidelines for damage control , transfusions , and mechanical ventilation .
Vanderbilt Coordinating Center reviewed compliance in near real-time and reported deviations classified as minor , moderate , or major to investigators .
Multivariate regression analysis measured the association between outcomes ( 30-day and 90-day mortality , development of multiple organ failure , ventilator-free days , renal failure-free days , and blood products transfused ) and compliance with each guideline , as well as a composite assessment of overall compliance .
SETTING : One hundred hospitals in 26 countries .
PATIENTS : Blunt and/or penetrating trauma patients aged 18-70 yrs who had received 4-8 units of red blood cells for active torso and/or proximal lower extremity bleeding despite standard interventions .
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS : When assessed as composite end point , major deviations from guidelines were associated with significantly higher mortality at 30 and 90 days after injury and fewer renal failure-free days .
Moderate deviations were associated with a significantly higher risk of multiple organ failure and fewer ventilator-free days .
Moderate and major deviations from damage control and ventilation guidelines were also significantly associated with higher risk of death at days 30 and 90 .
Within the ventilation protocol , noncompliance with tidal volume and plateau pressure targets was associated with significantly higher mortality at days 30 and 90 and fewer ventilator-free days , whereas noncompliance with weaning guideline was only associated with significantly fewer ventilator-free days .
CONCLUSIONS : : In a clinical trial of trauma patients , higher compliance with guidelines for damage control , transfusion , and ventilation management is associated with lower mortality and improved outcomes .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Multivariate regression analysis measured the association between outcomes ( 30-day and 90-day mortality , development of multiple organ failure , ventilator-free days , renal failure-free days , and blood products transfused ) and compliance with each guideline , as well as a composite assessment of overall compliance .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS : When assessed as composite end point , major deviations from guidelines were associated with significantly higher mortality at 30 and 90 days after injury and fewer renal failure-free days .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: Within the ventilation protocol , noncompliance with tidal volume and plateau pressure targets was associated with significantly higher mortality at days 30 and 90 and fewer ventilator-free days , whereas noncompliance with weaning guideline was only associated with significantly fewer ventilator-free days .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We hypothesized that better compliance with guidelines would be associated with improved clinical outcomes .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moderate deviations were associated with a significantly higher risk of multiple organ failure and fewer ventilator-free days .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moderate and major deviations from damage control and ventilation guidelines were also significantly associated with higher risk of death at days 30 and 90 .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : : In a clinical trial of trauma patients , higher compliance with guidelines for damage control , transfusion , and ventilation management is associated with lower mortality and improved outcomes .
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| Title: Aberrant spikelet and panicle1 , encoding a TOPLESS-related transcriptional co-repressor , is involved in the regulation of meristem fate in rice .
| | Author: Yoshida A Ohmori Y Kitano H Taguchi-Shiobara F Hirano HY | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 70 P : 327-39 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22136599 | | Abstract: Post-embryonic development depends on the activity of meristems in plants , and thus control of cell fate in the meristem is crucial to plant development and its architecture .
In grasses such as rice and maize , the fate of reproductive meristems changes from indeterminate meristems , such as inflorescence and branch meristems , to determinate meristems , such as the spikelet meristem .
Here we analyzed a recessive mutant of rice , aberrant spikelet and panicle1 ( asp1 ) , that showed pleiotropic phenotypes such as a disorganized branching pattern , aberrant spikelet morphology , and disarrangement of phyllotaxy .
Close examination revealed that regulation of meristem fate was compromised in asp1 : degeneration of the inflorescence meristem was delayed , transition from the branch meristem to the spikelet meristem was accelerated , and stem cell maintenance in both the branch meristem and the spikelet meristem was compromised .
The genetic program was also disturbed in terms of spikelet development .
Gene isolation revealed that ASP1 encodes a transcriptional co-repressor that is related to TOPLESS ( TPL ) in Arabidopsis and RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2 ( REL2 ) in maize .
It is likely that the pleiotropic defects are associated with de-repression of multiple genes related to meristem function in the asp1 mutant .
The asp1 mutant also showed de-repression of axillary bud growth and disturbed phyllotaxy in the vegetative phase , suggesting that the function of this gene is closely associated with auxin action .
Consistent with these observations and the molecular function of Arabidopsis TPL , auxin signaling was also compromised in the rice asp1 mutant .
Taken together , these results indicate that ASP1 regulates various aspects of developmental processes and physiological responses as a transcriptional co-repressor in rice .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: It is likely that the pleiotropic defects are associated with de-repression of multiple genes related to meristem function in the asp1 mutant .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The asp1 mutant also showed de-repression of axillary bud growth and disturbed phyllotaxy in the vegetative phase , suggesting that the function of this gene is closely associated with auxin action .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Taken together , these results indicate that ASP1 regulates various aspects of developmental processes and physiological responses as a transcriptional co-repressor in rice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we analyzed a recessive mutant of rice , aberrant spikelet and panicle1 ( asp1 ) , that showed pleiotropic phenotypes such as a disorganized branching pattern , aberrant spikelet morphology , and disarrangement of phyllotaxy .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Close examination revealed that regulation of meristem fate was compromised in asp1 : degeneration of the inflorescence meristem was delayed , transition from the branch meristem to the spikelet meristem was accelerated , and stem cell maintenance in both the branch meristem and the spikelet meristem was compromised .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene isolation revealed that ASP1 encodes a transcriptional co-repressor that is related to TOPLESS ( TPL ) in Arabidopsis and RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2 ( REL2 ) in maize .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Consistent with these observations and the molecular function of Arabidopsis TPL , auxin signaling was also compromised in the rice asp1 mutant .
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| Title: Development and validation of a screening instrument to assess the types and quality of foods served at home meals .
| | Author: Fulkerson JA Lytle L Story M Moe S Samuelson A Weymiller A | | Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Citation: V : 9 P : 10 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22313614 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Although there is growing interest in assessing the home food environment , no easy-to-use , low cost tools exist to assess the foods served at home meals , making it difficult to assess the meal component of the food environment .
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a user-friendly screener to assess the types of foods served at home meals .
METHODS : Primary food preparing adults ( n = 51 ) participated in a validation study in their own homes .
Staff and participants independently completed a screener as participants cooked dinner .
The screener assessed the types of foods offered , method ( s ) of preparation , and use of added fats .
Two scale scores were created : 1 ) to assess offerings of foods in five food groups ( meat and other protein , milk , vegetables , fruit , grains ) , 2 ) to assess the relative healthfulness of foods based on types offered , preparation method , and added fats .
Criterion validity was assessed comparing staff and participant reports of individual foods ( kappa ( k ) ) and scale scores ( Spearman correlations ) .
RESULTS : Criterion validity was high between participants and staffs record of whether major food categories ( meat and other protein , bread and cereal , salad , vegetables , fruits , dessert ) were served ( k = 0 . 79-1 . 0 ) , moderate for reports of other starches ( eg , rice ) being served ( k = 0 . 52 ) , and high for the Five Food Group and Healthfulness scale scores ( r = 0 . 75-0 . 85 , p < . 001 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : This new meal screening tool has high validity and can be used to assess the types of foods served at home meals allowing a more comprehensive assessment of the home food environment .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Although there is growing interest in assessing the home food environment , no easy-to-use , low cost tools exist to assess the foods served at home meals , making it difficult to assess the meal component of the food environment .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Two scale scores were created : 1 ) to assess offerings of foods in five food groups ( meat and other protein , milk , vegetables , fruit , grains ) , 2 ) to assess the relative healthfulness of foods based on types offered , preparation method , and added fats .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : This new meal screening tool has high validity and can be used to assess the types of foods served at home meals allowing a more comprehensive assessment of the home food environment .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a user-friendly screener to assess the types of foods served at home meals .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The screener assessed the types of foods offered , method ( s ) of preparation , and use of added fats .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Criterion validity was assessed comparing staff and participant reports of individual foods ( kappa ( k ) ) and scale scores ( Spearman correlations ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Chemical composition , nutritional and toxicological evaluation of rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown in fly ash amended soils .
| | Author: Bhaskarachary K Ramulu P Udayasekhararao P Bapurao S Kamala K Syed Q Udaykumar P Sesikeran B | | Journal: J Sci Food Agric Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22549902 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate nutritional and toxicological aspects of rice grown in fly ash amended soils .
Rice was grown on soils with fly ash ( 200 t ha ( -1 ) ) and without fly ash at two different geographical locations of India .
RESULTS : One kilogram each of 36 samples randomly collected from three replicates of rice grown with and without fly ash was subjected to various analytical techniques to determine the nutrient composition , mineral and heavy metal content .
Moisture , protein and ash content of the rice samples showed no difference between fly ash treated and controls .
Similar observations were also made on trace and heavy elements .
Further , the rice grown on soils treated with fly ash was incorporated in the diet at 90% level and was fed to Wistar/NIN rats for 26 weeks for carrying out protein and toxicological evaluation .
CONCLUSION : Results indicated that there is no difference between rice samples grown in soils with or without fly ash .
Studies also clearly indicated that there were no adverse effects on hematological , biochemical or histopathological parameters when rice was fed to rats for 6 months .
This indicates that rice grown on fly ash treated soils may be safe for human consumption .
Copyright ( c ) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: BACKGROUND : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate nutritional and toxicological aspects of rice grown in fly ash amended soils .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice was grown on soils with fly ash ( 200 t ha ( -1 ) ) and without fly ash at two different geographical locations of India .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Moisture , protein and ash content of the rice samples showed no difference between fly ash treated and controls .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : One kilogram each of 36 samples randomly collected from three replicates of rice grown with and without fly ash was subjected to various analytical techniques to determine the nutrient composition , mineral and heavy metal content .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further , the rice grown on soils treated with fly ash was incorporated in the diet at 90% level and was fed to Wistar/NIN rats for 26 weeks for carrying out protein and toxicological evaluation .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : Results indicated that there is no difference between rice samples grown in soils with or without fly ash .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This indicates that rice grown on fly ash treated soils may be safe for human consumption .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae DNA modification systems in Asia .
| | Author: Choi SH Vera Cruz CM Leach JE .
| | Journal: Appl . Environ . Microbiol . Citation: V : 64 ( 5 ) P : 1663-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9572933 | | Abstract: The presence or absence of two DNA modification systems , XorI and XorII , in 195 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae collected from different major rice-growing countries of Asia was assessed .
All four possible phenotypes ( XorI+ XorII+ , XorI+ XorII- , XorI XorII+ and XorI XorII- ) were detected in the population at a ratio of approximately 1 : 2 : 2 : 2 .
The XorI+ XorII+ and XorI XorII+ phenotypes were observed predominantly in strains from southeast Asia ( Philippines , Malaysia , and Indonesia ) , whereas strains with the phenotypes XorI XorII and XorI+ XorII were distributed in south Asia ( India and Nepal ) and northeast Asia ( China , Korea , and Japan ) , respectively .
Based on the prevalence and geographic distribution of the XorI and XorII systems , we suggest that the XorI modification system originated in northeast Asia and was later introduced to southeast Asia , while the XorII system originated in southeast Asia and moved to northeast Asia and south Asia .
Genomic DNA from all tested strains of X oryzae pv . oryzae that were resistant to digestion by endonuclease XorII or its isoschizomer PvuI also hybridized with a 7 . 0-kb clone that contained the XorII modification system , whereas strains that were digested by XorII or PvuI lacked DNA that hybridized with the clone .
Size polymorphisms were observed in fragments that hybridized with the 7 . 0-kb clone .
However , a single hybridization pattern generally was found in XorII+ strains within a country , indicating clonal maintenance of the XorII methyl-transferase gene locus .
The locus was monomorphic for X oryzae pv . oryzae strains from the Philippines and all strains from Indonesia and Korea .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 5.00 ]: Based on the prevalence and geographic distribution of the XorI and XorII systems , we suggest that the XorI modification system originated in northeast Asia and was later introduced to southeast Asia , while the XorII system originated in southeast Asia and moved to northeast Asia and south Asia .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: The XorI+ XorII+ and XorI XorII+ phenotypes were observed predominantly in strains from southeast Asia ( Philippines , Malaysia , and Indonesia ) , whereas strains with the phenotypes XorI XorII and XorI+ XorII were distributed in south Asia ( India and Nepal ) and northeast Asia ( China , Korea , and Japan ) , respectively .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The presence or absence of two DNA modification systems , XorI and XorII , in 195 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae collected from different major rice-growing countries of Asia was assessed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Modulation of proton pumping across proteoliposome membranes reconstituted with tonoplast H ( + ) -ATPase from cultured rice ( Oryza sativa L var .
Boro ) cells by acyl steryl glucoside and steryl glucoside .
| | Author: Yamaguchi M Kasamo K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 43 ( 7 ) P : 816-22 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12154145 | | Abstract: Tonoplast H ( + ) -ATPase purified from cultured rice cells ( Oryza sativa L var .
Boro ) was reconstituted into asolectin liposomes containing steryl glucoside ( SG ) or acyl steryl glucoside ( ASG ) , and the effects of SG and ASG on proton pumping , ATP-hydrolysis activity and proton permeability of the proteoliposome membranes were investigated .
In the proteoliposomes containing 10 mol% SG , proton pumping and ATP-hydrolysis activity were increased to around 140% of those in SG-free proteoliposomes .
In the proteoliposomes containing ASG , proton pumping and ATP-hydrolysis activity were decreased to one-tenth of those in ASG-free proteoliposomes at 15 mol% ASG ; however , activity increased again slightly in the range between 20 and 40 mol% ASG .
The change in proton pumping across the proteoliposome membrane is not due to a change of proteoliposome size nor to the location of the catalytic site of the tonoplast H ( + ) -ATPase in the proteoliposomes .
SG and ASG also reduced the passive proton permeability of the proteoliposomes .
These results show that SG and ASG modulate proton pumping across the tonoplast toward stimulation and depression , respectively , and they reduce the passive proton permeability of the tonoplast | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 4.00 ]: In the proteoliposomes containing ASG , proton pumping and ATP-hydrolysis activity were decreased to one-tenth of those in ASG-free proteoliposomes at 15 mol% ASG ; however , activity increased again slightly in the range between 20 and 40 mol% ASG .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: Boro ) was reconstituted into asolectin liposomes containing steryl glucoside ( SG ) or acyl steryl glucoside ( ASG ) , and the effects of SG and ASG on proton pumping , ATP-hydrolysis activity and proton permeability of the proteoliposome membranes were investigated .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: SG and ASG also reduced the passive proton permeability of the proteoliposomes .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results show that SG and ASG modulate proton pumping across the tonoplast toward stimulation and depression , respectively , and they reduce the passive proton permeability of the tonoplast
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: The SCARECROW genes role in asymmetric cell divisions in rice plants .
| | Author: Kamiya N Itoh J Morikami A Nagato Y Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 36 ( 1 ) P : 45-54 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12974810 | | Abstract: Asymmetric cell division is one of the most important mechanisms in the diversification of cell function and fate .
In Arabidopsis , SCARECROW ( SCR ) is essential for the asymmetric division of the cortex/endodermis progenitor cell in the root .
To learn more about how SCR is involved in asymmetric division , we analyzed the rice SCR ( OsSCR ) expression .
In the root tip , OsSCR expression was observed in the endodermal cell layer and downregulated in the daughter cortex cell after asymmetric division , just as with Arabidopsis SCR .
In leaf primordia , expression of OsSCR was observed in stomatal and ligule formation .
In stomatal development , OsSCR was specifically expressed in the stomatal cell files before formation of guard mother cells ( GMCs ) , and then , its expression was localized in GMCs , when the first asymmetric division occurred to generate the GMCs .
Before the second asymmetric division of subsidiary mother cells ( SMCs ) , localized OsSCR expression was observed in SMCs in the area close to the GMCs .
Before these asymmetric divisions , the localization of OsSCR mRNA in GMC-forming cells and SMCs was observed in the area of the daughter GMC and subsidiary cells .
OsSCR expression was also observed in the initiation area of ligule formation , and its downregulation occurred in the inner L2 cells generated by asymmetric division .
Based on these observations , we proposed that OsSCR is involved not only in the asymmetric division of the cortex/endodermis progenitor cell but also during stomata and ligule formation by establishing the polarization of cytoplasm . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Asymmetric cell division is one of the most important mechanisms in the diversification of cell function and fate .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Arabidopsis , SCARECROW ( SCR ) is essential for the asymmetric division of the cortex/endodermis progenitor cell in the root .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To learn more about how SCR is involved in asymmetric division , we analyzed the rice SCR ( OsSCR ) expression .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the root tip , OsSCR expression was observed in the endodermal cell layer and downregulated in the daughter cortex cell after asymmetric division , just as with Arabidopsis SCR .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In stomatal development , OsSCR was specifically expressed in the stomatal cell files before formation of guard mother cells ( GMCs ) , and then , its expression was localized in GMCs , when the first asymmetric division occurred to generate the GMCs .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Before the second asymmetric division of subsidiary mother cells ( SMCs ) , localized OsSCR expression was observed in SMCs in the area close to the GMCs .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Before these asymmetric divisions , the localization of OsSCR mRNA in GMC-forming cells and SMCs was observed in the area of the daughter GMC and subsidiary cells .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: OsSCR expression was also observed in the initiation area of ligule formation , and its downregulation occurred in the inner L2 cells generated by asymmetric division .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on these observations , we proposed that OsSCR is involved not only in the asymmetric division of the cortex/endodermis progenitor cell but also during stomata and ligule formation by establishing the polarization of cytoplasm .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Effect of relative humidity on germination of ascospores and macroconidia of Gibberella zeae and deoxynivalenol production .
| | Author: Beyer M Verreet JA Ragab WS .
| | Journal: Int .
J Food Microbiol .
Citation: V : 98 ( 3 ) P : 233-40 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15698684 | | Abstract: Cereals are frequently infested by mycotoxin-producing fungi such as Gibberella zeae .
G zeae produces sexual spores ( ascospores , dispersed by wind ) and asexual spores ( macroconidia , dispersed by rain droplets ) to infect host plants .
The production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol ( DON ) and the germination of ascospores and macroconidia of G zeae were studied at 20 degrees C in relation to relative humidity ( RH ) .
The DON contents of wheat heads and autoclaved rice grain samples , artificially inoculated with ascospore or macroconidia suspensions of equal spore density , were determined at 35 days after inoculation by high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .
The average DON production 35 days after inoculation was much lower on rice ( 3 . 95+/-1 . 34 mg kg ( -1 ) ) than on wheat heads ( 302 . 30+/-57 . 46 mg kg ( -1 ) ) .
Macroconidia inoculi produced more DON than ascospore inoculi at relative humidities >90% , but less DON between 53% and 80% RH .
At RH < or = 53% , no significant differences in DON production were observed between macroconidia and ascospore inoculi .
DON production increased with RH irrespective of spore type .
Germination of ascospores and macroconidia was monitored during incubation above six constant humidity solutions ranging from 30% to 93% RH .
Ascospores only required a RH > or = 53% , whereas macroconidia required RH of > or = 80% for germination .
The different humidity requirements of the two spore types for germination are discussed as a potential reason for the differential DON production of ascospore and macroconidia inoculi in relation to humidity .
The results indicate that DON contamination levels partly dependent upon the interaction of spore type and RH and may confer an ecological advantage to G zeae over other Fusarium head blight pathogens . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: G zeae produces sexual spores ( ascospores , dispersed by wind ) and asexual spores ( macroconidia , dispersed by rain droplets ) to infect host plants .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol ( DON ) and the germination of ascospores and macroconidia of G zeae were studied at 20 degrees C in relation to relative humidity ( RH ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The DON contents of wheat heads and autoclaved rice grain samples , artificially inoculated with ascospore or macroconidia suspensions of equal spore density , were determined at 35 days after inoculation by high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Macroconidia inoculi produced more DON than ascospore inoculi at relative humidities >90% , but less DON between 53% and 80% RH .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: At RH < or = 53% , no significant differences in DON production were observed between macroconidia and ascospore inoculi .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Germination of ascospores and macroconidia was monitored during incubation above six constant humidity solutions ranging from 30% to 93% RH .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ascospores only required a RH > or = 53% , whereas macroconidia required RH of > or = 80% for germination .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The different humidity requirements of the two spore types for germination are discussed as a potential reason for the differential DON production of ascospore and macroconidia inoculi in relation to humidity .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Species-specific variation of alternative splicing and transcriptional initiation in six eukaryotes .
| | Author: Nagasaki H Arita M Nishizawa T Suwa M Gotoh O | | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 364 ( ) P : 53-62 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16219431 | | Abstract: The genome-wide detection of alternative splicing and transcriptional initiation ( ASTI ) was conducted in six eukaryotes ( human , mouse , fruit fly , nematode , cress and rice ) whose genome sequencing has been completed or nearly completed .
Transcriptional isoforms were collected by mapping a batch of full-length cDNA sequences onto the respective cognate genomic sequences .
Isoforms mapped on the same gene locus were compared pair-wise , ASTI patterns were segmented into minimal spans , and then the minimal patterns ( ASTI units ) were classified into unique types , such as the cassette type or the alternative donor site .
All these procedures were performed automatically under the same conditions so that the results obtained from different species could be compared directly .
The fraction of loci that underwent ASTI of the total mapped loci was the largest for mammals and fruit fly , and the smallest for plants .
Exactly the same trend was observed for the number of unique ASTI types found in each species .
The observed fractional representations of the ASTI types were similar between evolutionarily close species , such as human and mouse or cress and rice .
On the other hand , the relative orders of abundance in individual ASTI type were considerably different between evolutionarily distant species , such as between mammals and plants .
In human and mouse , alternative splicing other than the retained introns tended to occur within the protein coding sequence ( CDS ) regions rather than within the untranslated regions ( UTRs ) , whereas this tendency was obscure in the other four species .
In all the species examined , the difference in alternative exon lengths was most likely in multiples of three , and this tendency was most prominent when the alternative exons were embedded within the CDSs .
These observations are generally consistent with the idea that higher organisms utilize the ASTI mechanisms more extensively and in a more complicated manner than lower organisms , and that ASTI actively participates in the enhancement of the functional and structural diversity of products generated from a limited number of genes on a genome . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Isoforms mapped on the same gene locus were compared pair-wise , ASTI patterns were segmented into minimal spans , and then the minimal patterns ( ASTI units ) were classified into unique types , such as the cassette type or the alternative donor site .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: These observations are generally consistent with the idea that higher organisms utilize the ASTI mechanisms more extensively and in a more complicated manner than lower organisms , and that ASTI actively participates in the enhancement of the functional and structural diversity of products generated from a limited number of genes on a genome .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genome-wide detection of alternative splicing and transcriptional initiation ( ASTI ) was conducted in six eukaryotes ( human , mouse , fruit fly , nematode , cress and rice ) whose genome sequencing has been completed or nearly completed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The fraction of loci that underwent ASTI of the total mapped loci was the largest for mammals and fruit fly , and the smallest for plants .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Exactly the same trend was observed for the number of unique ASTI types found in each species .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The observed fractional representations of the ASTI types were similar between evolutionarily close species , such as human and mouse or cress and rice .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: On the other hand , the relative orders of abundance in individual ASTI type were considerably different between evolutionarily distant species , such as between mammals and plants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Effect of intermediates on ascorbic acid and oxalate biosynthesis of rice and in relation to its stress resistance .
| | Author: Guo Z Tan H Zhu Z Lu S Zhou B | | Journal: Plant Physiol . Biochem . Citation: V : 43 ( 10-11 ) P : 955-62 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16310370 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa L ) roots were fed with L-ascorbic acid ( AsA ) and its putative precursors to observe AsA and oxalate concentrations and the resistance of rice to chilling , water stress , and Al toxicity .
AsA concentration was significantly enhanced in both shoots and roots of rice seedlings by feeding with D-glucose or L-galactono-gamma-lactone .
AsA or L-galactono-gamma-lactone treatment increased accumulation of oxalate mainly in soluble form , while these treatments decreased electrolyte leakage from root cells , H2O2 and lipid peroxidation level in rice seedlings subjected to chilling , water stress , and Al toxicity .
They also alleviated the inhibition on root growth by Al These results indicated that AsA and its immediate precursor protected plants against the oxidative damages induced by various stresses .
However , 0 . 5 mM AsA and 10 mM L-galactono-gamma-lactone treatment had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and ascorbate-peroxidase activities .
Enhanced Al resistance caused by AsA and L-galactono-gamma-lactone may possibly be resulted from increased level of oxalate , which acts as metal chelator .
Thus it is proposed that manipulation of AsA and oxalate biosynthesis through enhancement of L-galactono-gamma-lactone level in plants could be a strategy for improving abiotic stress tolerance . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice ( Oryza sativa L ) roots were fed with L-ascorbic acid ( AsA ) and its putative precursors to observe AsA and oxalate concentrations and the resistance of rice to chilling , water stress , and Al toxicity .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , 0 . 5 mM AsA and 10 mM L-galactono-gamma-lactone treatment had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and ascorbate-peroxidase activities .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: AsA concentration was significantly enhanced in both shoots and roots of rice seedlings by feeding with D-glucose or L-galactono-gamma-lactone .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: AsA or L-galactono-gamma-lactone treatment increased accumulation of oxalate mainly in soluble form , while these treatments decreased electrolyte leakage from root cells , H2O2 and lipid peroxidation level in rice seedlings subjected to chilling , water stress , and Al toxicity .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: They also alleviated the inhibition on root growth by Al These results indicated that AsA and its immediate precursor protected plants against the oxidative damages induced by various stresses .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enhanced Al resistance caused by AsA and L-galactono-gamma-lactone may possibly be resulted from increased level of oxalate , which acts as metal chelator .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus it is proposed that manipulation of AsA and oxalate biosynthesis through enhancement of L-galactono-gamma-lactone level in plants could be a strategy for improving abiotic stress tolerance .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Association of gene variants with incident myocardial infarction in the Cardiovascular Health Study .
| | Author: Shiffman D OMeara ES Bare LA Rowland CM Louie JZ Arellano AR Lumley T Rice K Iakoubova O Luke MM Young BA Malloy MJ Kane JP Ellis SG Tracy RP Devlin JJ Psaty BM | | Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Citation: V : 28 P : 173-9 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17975119 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : We asked whether single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) that had been nominally associated with cardiovascular disease in antecedent studies were also associated with cardiovascular disease in a population-based prospective study of 4522 individuals aged 65 or older .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Based on antecedent studies , we prespecified a risk allele and an inheritance model for each of 74 SNPs .
We then tested the association of these SNPs with myocardial infarction ( MI ) in the Cardiovascular Health Study ( CHS ) .
The prespecified risk alleles of 8 SNPs were nominally associated ( 1-sided P<0 . 05 ) with increased risk of MI in White CHS participants .
The false discovery rate for these 8 was 0 . 43 , suggesting that about 4 of these 8 are likely to be true positives .
The 4 of these 8 SNPs that had the strongest evidence for association with cardiovascular disease before testing in CHS ( association in 3 antecedent studies ) were in KIF6 ( CHS HR=1 . 29 ; 90%CI 1 . 1 to 1 . 52 ) , VAMP8 ( HR=1 . 2 ; 90%CI 1 . 02 to 1 . 41 ) , TAS2R50 ( HR=1 . 13 ; 90%CI 1 to 1 . 27 ) , and LPA ( HR=1 . 62 ; 90%CI 1 . 09 to 2 . 42 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : Although most of the SNPs investigated were not associated with MI in CHS , evidence from this investigation combined with previous studies suggests that 4 of these SNPs are likely associated with MI .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : We asked whether single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) that had been nominally associated with cardiovascular disease in antecedent studies were also associated with cardiovascular disease in a population-based prospective study of 4522 individuals aged 65 or older .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The 4 of these 8 SNPs that had the strongest evidence for association with cardiovascular disease before testing in CHS ( association in 3 antecedent studies ) were in KIF6 ( CHS HR=1 . 29 ; 90%CI 1 . 1 to 1 . 52 ) , VAMP8 ( HR=1 . 2 ; 90%CI 1 . 02 to 1 . 41 ) , TAS2R50 ( HR=1 . 13 ; 90%CI 1 to 1 . 27 ) , and LPA ( HR=1 . 62 ; 90%CI 1 . 09 to 2 . 42 ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Although most of the SNPs investigated were not associated with MI in CHS , evidence from this investigation combined with previous studies suggests that 4 of these SNPs are likely associated with MI .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We then tested the association of these SNPs with myocardial infarction ( MI ) in the Cardiovascular Health Study ( CHS ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The prespecified risk alleles of 8 SNPs were nominally associated ( 1-sided P<0 . 05 ) with increased risk of MI in White CHS participants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Characteristics of boron accumulation by fly ash application in paddy soil .
| | Author: Lee SB Lee YB Lee CH Hong CO Kim PJ Yu C | | Journal: Bioresour Technol Citation: V : 99 P : 5928-32 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18194862 | | Abstract: Fly ash has a high content of plant available silicate which is strongly needed for rice cultivation in Korea .
One concern for plants grown on soils amended with fly ash is boron ( B ) toxicity because most of the fresh fly ash contains considerable B This study was conducted in paddy soil to determine B uptake by rice and characteristics of B accumulation in soil after fly ash application ( 0 , 40 , 80 , and 120 Mg fly ash ha ( -1 ) ) .
In all fly ash treatments , B content in rice leaves and available B in soil at all growing stage were higher than those of control , but were not exceeded a toxicity levels .
Boron occluded in amorphous Fe and Al oxides comprised ca 20-39% of total B and was not affected by fly ash application .
Most of the B was accumulated by fly ash application as a residual B which is plant-unavailable form , comprised >60% of the total B in soil .
Thus , fly ash can be a good soil amendment for rice production without B toxicity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 4.00 ]: One concern for plants grown on soils amended with fly ash is boron ( B ) toxicity because most of the fresh fly ash contains considerable B This study was conducted in paddy soil to determine B uptake by rice and characteristics of B accumulation in soil after fly ash application ( 0 , 40 , 80 , and 120 Mg fly ash ha ( -1 ) ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fly ash has a high content of plant available silicate which is strongly needed for rice cultivation in Korea .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In all fly ash treatments , B content in rice leaves and available B in soil at all growing stage were higher than those of control , but were not exceeded a toxicity levels .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Boron occluded in amorphous Fe and Al oxides comprised ca 20-39% of total B and was not affected by fly ash application .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Most of the B was accumulated by fly ash application as a residual B which is plant-unavailable form , comprised >60% of the total B in soil .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , fly ash can be a good soil amendment for rice production without B toxicity .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes and nicotine dependence : evidence for association from a case-control study .
| | Author: Agrawal A Pergadia ML Saccone SF Hinrichs AL Lessov-Schlaggar CN Saccone NL Neuman RJ Breslau N Johnson E Hatsukami D Montgomery GW Heath AC Martin NG Goate AM Rice JP Bierut LJ Madden PA | | Journal: Addiction Citation: V : 103 P : 1027-38 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18482426 | | Abstract: AIMS : The gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A ( GABRA ) gene clusters on chromosomes 4 and 5 have been examined previously for their association with alcohol and drug dependence phenotypes .
Compelling evidence suggests that GABRA2 is associated with alcohol and drug dependence .
However , no study has investigated whether genes in the GABA ( A ) gene clusters are associated with nicotine dependence , an important phenotype with a high correlation to persistent smoking , the single most preventable cause of mortality world-wide .
DESIGN : Using data on 1050 nicotine-dependent cases and 879 non-dependent smoking controls , we used logistic regression to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 13 genes in the GABA ( A ) receptor system as well as GABBR2 ( a GABA ( B ) gene ) .
FINDINGS : We found evidence for association between four SNPs in GABRA4 , two SNPs in GABRA2 and one SNP in GABRE with nicotine dependence .
These included a synonymous polymorphism in GABRA2 ( rs279858 ) , lying in a highly conserved region , which has been shown previously to be associated with alcohol and drug dependence .
A non-synonymous polymorphism ( rs16859834/rs2229940 ) in GABRA4 , also highly conserved , was associated at P-value of 0 . 03 .
Significant haplotypes associated with nicotine dependence were found for GABRA2 .
No evidence for epistatic interactions were noted .
Our study did not find evidence for an association between GABBR2 gene and nicotine dependence .
CONCLUSIONS : Given the potential role of compounds that enhance GABAergic neurotransmission in smoking cessation research , these findings have enormous potential for informing the wider field of addiction research .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIMS : The gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A ( GABRA ) gene clusters on chromosomes 4 and 5 have been examined previously for their association with alcohol and drug dependence phenotypes .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Compelling evidence suggests that GABRA2 is associated with alcohol and drug dependence .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , no study has investigated whether genes in the GABA ( A ) gene clusters are associated with nicotine dependence , an important phenotype with a high correlation to persistent smoking , the single most preventable cause of mortality world-wide .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESIGN : Using data on 1050 nicotine-dependent cases and 879 non-dependent smoking controls , we used logistic regression to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 13 genes in the GABA ( A ) receptor system as well as GABBR2 ( a GABA ( B ) gene ) .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: FINDINGS : We found evidence for association between four SNPs in GABRA4 , two SNPs in GABRA2 and one SNP in GABRE with nicotine dependence .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These included a synonymous polymorphism in GABRA2 ( rs279858 ) , lying in a highly conserved region , which has been shown previously to be associated with alcohol and drug dependence .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A non-synonymous polymorphism ( rs16859834/rs2229940 ) in GABRA4 , also highly conserved , was associated at P-value of 0 . 03 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Significant haplotypes associated with nicotine dependence were found for GABRA2 .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study did not find evidence for an association between GABBR2 gene and nicotine dependence .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Temperature dependence of myosin-II tail fragment assembly .
| | Author: McMahon PM Hostetter DR Rice SE | | Journal: J Muscle Res Cell Motil Citation: V : 29 P : 109-18 Year: 2008 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18784979 | | Abstract: Dictyostelium myosin-II bipolar thick filament ( BTF ) assembly is heavily dependent on ionic strength and temperature and is reversible by the phosphorylation of just three threonines .
Truncated tail fragments of Dictyostelium myosin-II are commonly used as models for BTF assembly , as they self-assemble into regular paracrystals that recapitulate the ionic strength and phosphorylation dependence of full-length Dictyostelium myosin-II BTF assembly .
Here we show that Dictyostelium myosin-II tail fragment assembly is highly temperature dependent , similar to full-length Dictyostelium myosin-II .
Assembly of paracrystals was far more robust at 4 degrees C than at higher temperatures .
Pre-assembled paracrystals disassembled completely when shifted to 37 degrees C , indicating that assembly does not greatly improve the thermostability of these tail fragments .
The melting temperatures of individual Dictyostelium myosin-II tail coiled-coils under both low and high ionic strength conditions that prohibit paracrystal assembly are extremely low , 21 degrees C and 28 degrees C , respectively .
These data are consistent with reversible thermal denaturation of the coiled-coil as the most likely explanation for assembly incompetence under either very low ionic strength or high temperature conditions .
Assembled paracrystals of a structurally similar fragment of nonmuscle myosin-IIA were far more thermodynamically stable than their Dictyostelium counterparts at the temperatures examined here .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Truncated tail fragments of Dictyostelium myosin-II are commonly used as models for BTF assembly , as they self-assemble into regular paracrystals that recapitulate the ionic strength and phosphorylation dependence of full-length Dictyostelium myosin-II BTF assembly .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Dictyostelium myosin-II bipolar thick filament ( BTF ) assembly is heavily dependent on ionic strength and temperature and is reversible by the phosphorylation of just three threonines .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we show that Dictyostelium myosin-II tail fragment assembly is highly temperature dependent , similar to full-length Dictyostelium myosin-II .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assembly of paracrystals was far more robust at 4 degrees C than at higher temperatures .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pre-assembled paracrystals disassembled completely when shifted to 37 degrees C , indicating that assembly does not greatly improve the thermostability of these tail fragments .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The melting temperatures of individual Dictyostelium myosin-II tail coiled-coils under both low and high ionic strength conditions that prohibit paracrystal assembly are extremely low , 21 degrees C and 28 degrees C , respectively .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These data are consistent with reversible thermal denaturation of the coiled-coil as the most likely explanation for assembly incompetence under either very low ionic strength or high temperature conditions .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assembled paracrystals of a structurally similar fragment of nonmuscle myosin-IIA were far more thermodynamically stable than their Dictyostelium counterparts at the temperatures examined here .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Family-based association of YWHAH in psychotic bipolar disorder .
| | Author: Grover D Verma R Goes FS Mahon PL Gershon ES McMahon FJ Potash JB Gershon ES McMahon FJ Potash JB | | Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Citation: V : 150B P : 977-83 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19160447 | | Abstract: YWHAH is a positional and functional candidate gene for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder ( BP ) .
This gene has been previously shown to be associated with both disorders , and the chromosome location ( 22q12 . 3 ) has been repeatedly implicated in linkage studies for these disorders .
It codes for the eta subtype of the 14-3-3 protein family , is expressed mainly in brain , and is involved in HPA axis regulation .
We investigated the association of YWHAH with BP in a large sample , consisting of 1211 subjects from 318 nuclear families including 554 affected offspring .
We tested for association with the standard BP phenotype as well as subtypes defined by psychotic and mood-incongruent features .
We genotyped five tag SNPs and the ( GCCTGCA ) ( n ) polymorphic locus present in this gene .
Using a family-based association test , we found that rs2246704 was associated with BP ( OR 1 . 31 , P = 0 . 03 ) and psychotic BP ( OR = 1 . 66 , P = 0 . 002 ) .
The polymorphic repeat and two other SNPs were also modestly associated with psychotic BP .
We have provided additional evidence for association of variants in YWHAH with major mental illness .
Additional association analyses of larger sample sets will be required to clarify the role of YWHAH in schizophrenia and BP .
The use of clinical sub-phenotypes such as psychotic features or other potential schizophrenia/BP overlap variables including cognitive abnormalities and poor functioning might shed further light on the potential subtypes of illness most closely associated with genetic variation in YWHAH .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Using a family-based association test , we found that rs2246704 was associated with BP ( OR 1 . 31 , P = 0 . 03 ) and psychotic BP ( OR = 1 . 66 , P = 0 . 002 ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This gene has been previously shown to be associated with both disorders , and the chromosome location ( 22q12 . 3 ) has been repeatedly implicated in linkage studies for these disorders .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated the association of YWHAH with BP in a large sample , consisting of 1211 subjects from 318 nuclear families including 554 affected offspring .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We tested for association with the standard BP phenotype as well as subtypes defined by psychotic and mood-incongruent features .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polymorphic repeat and two other SNPs were also modestly associated with psychotic BP .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have provided additional evidence for association of variants in YWHAH with major mental illness .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additional association analyses of larger sample sets will be required to clarify the role of YWHAH in schizophrenia and BP .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The use of clinical sub-phenotypes such as psychotic features or other potential schizophrenia/BP overlap variables including cognitive abnormalities and poor functioning might shed further light on the potential subtypes of illness most closely associated with genetic variation in YWHAH .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Gene Ontology annotation of the rice blast fungus , Magnaporthe oryzae .
| | Author: Meng S Brown DE Ebbole DJ Torto-Alalibo T Oh YY Deng J Mitchell TK Dean RA | | Journal: BMC Microbiol Citation: V : 9 Suppl 1 P : S8 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19278556 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Magnaporthe oryzae , the causal agent of blast disease of rice , is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide .
The genome of this fungal pathogen has been sequenced and an automated annotation has recently been updated to Version 6 http : //www . broad . mit . edu/annotation/genome/magnaporthe_grisea/MultiDownloads . html . However , a comprehensive manual curation remains to be performed .
Gene Ontology ( GO ) annotation is a valuable means of assigning functional information using standardized vocabulary .
We report an overview of the GO annotation for Version 5 of M oryzae genome assembly .
METHODS : A similarity-based ( ie , computational ) GO annotation with manual review was conducted , which was then integrated with a literature-based GO annotation with computational assistance .
For similarity-based GO annotation a stringent reciprocal best hits method was used to identify similarity between predicted proteins of M oryzae and GO proteins from multiple organisms with published associations to GO terms .
Significant alignment pairs were manually reviewed .
Functional assignments were further cross-validated with manually reviewed data , conserved domains , or data determined by wet lab experiments .
Additionally , biological appropriateness of the functional assignments was manually checked .
RESULTS : In total , 6 , 286 proteins received GO term assignment via the homology-based annotation , including 2 , 870 hypothetical proteins .
Literature-based experimental evidence , such as microarray , MPSS , T-DNA insertion mutation , or gene knockout mutation , resulted in 2 , 810 proteins being annotated with GO terms .
Of these , 1 , 673 proteins were annotated with new terms developed for Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology ( PAMGO ) .
In addition , 67 experiment-determined secreted proteins were annotated with PAMGO terms .
Integration of the two data sets resulted in 7 , 412 proteins ( 57% ) being annotated with 1 , 957 distinct and specific GO terms .
Unannotated proteins were assigned to the 3 root terms .
The Version 5 GO annotation is publically queryable via the GO site http : //amigo . geneontology . org/cgi-bin/amigo/go . cgi .
Additionally , the genome of M oryzae is constantly being refined and updated as new information is incorporated .
For the latest GO annotation of Version 6 genome , please visit our website http : //scotland . fgl . ncsu . edu/smeng/GoAnnotationMagnaporthegrisea . html .
The preliminary GO annotation of Version 6 genome is placed at a local MySql database that is publically queryable via a user-friendly interface Adhoc Query System .
CONCLUSION : Our analysis provides comprehensive and robust GO annotations of the M oryzae genome assemblies that will be solid foundations for further functional interrogation of M oryzae .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene Ontology ( GO ) annotation is a valuable means of assigning functional information using standardized vocabulary .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We report an overview of the GO annotation for Version 5 of M oryzae genome assembly .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : A similarity-based ( ie , computational ) GO annotation with manual review was conducted , which was then integrated with a literature-based GO annotation with computational assistance .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: For similarity-based GO annotation a stringent reciprocal best hits method was used to identify similarity between predicted proteins of M oryzae and GO proteins from multiple organisms with published associations to GO terms .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Functional assignments were further cross-validated with manually reviewed data , conserved domains , or data determined by wet lab experiments .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additionally , biological appropriateness of the functional assignments was manually checked .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : In total , 6 , 286 proteins received GO term assignment via the homology-based annotation , including 2 , 870 hypothetical proteins .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Unannotated proteins were assigned to the 3 root terms .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : Our analysis provides comprehensive and robust GO annotations of the M oryzae genome assemblies that will be solid foundations for further functional interrogation of M oryzae .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Functional identification of the promoter of SLC4A5 , a gene associated with cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes in the HERITAGE Family Study .
| | Author: Stutz AM Teran-Garcia M Rao DC Rice T Bouchard C Rankinen T | | Journal: Eur J Hum Genet Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19384345 | | Abstract: The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter gene SLC4A5 , associated earlier with cardiovascular phenotypes , was tested for associations in the HERITAGE Family Study , and possible mechanisms were investigated .
Twelve tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) covering the SLC4A5 gene were analyzed in 276 Black and 503 White healthy , sedentary subjects .
Associations were tested using a variance components-based ( QTDT ) method with data adjusted for age , sex and body size .
In Whites , rs6731545 and rs7571842 were significantly associated with resting and submaximal exercise pulse pressure ( PP ) ( 0 . 0004 rs6731545 was associated with submaximal-exercise systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and rate pressure product ( P=0 . 002 , both ) .
New associations between rs6731545 and submaximal-exercise VO ( 2 ) ( P=0 . 003 ) , rs7587117 and rs7571842 and VCO ( 2 ) ( 0 . 0005 rs828853 and VE ( P=0 . 002 ) were found .
All these associations had a FDR<0 . 05 .
Single-marker associations were confirmed in haplotype analyses .
Using in silico analysis , evidence was found for a main and an alternative promoter for SLC4A5 .
Specific promoter activity was experimentally confirmed using reporter constructs targeting both promoters in three physiologically relevant cell lines .
Re-sequencing of 32 individuals having opposite homozygotes for rs7571842 and rs6731545 and exhibiting significantly different phenotypes showed no SNPs in the alternative promoter and no differences between the groups with SNPs in the main promoter .
Also , of all known SLC4A5-coding SNPs , only one synonymous SNP was detected .
Summarizing , the observed associations with resting and submaximal-exercise cardiovascular and metabolic traits in the HERITAGE Family Study are likely due to neither variation in the promoter nor known coding SNPs of SLC4A5 . European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication , 22 April 2009 ; doi : 10 . 1038/ejhg . 2009 . 64 .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter gene SLC4A5 , associated earlier with cardiovascular phenotypes , was tested for associations in the HERITAGE Family Study , and possible mechanisms were investigated .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Associations were tested using a variance components-based ( QTDT ) method with data adjusted for age , sex and body size .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Whites , rs6731545 and rs7571842 were significantly associated with resting and submaximal exercise pulse pressure ( PP ) ( 0 . 0004
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additionally , rs6731545 was associated with submaximal-exercise systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and rate pressure product ( P=0 . 002 , both ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: New associations between rs6731545 and submaximal-exercise VO ( 2 ) ( P=0 . 003 ) , rs7587117 and rs7571842 and VCO ( 2 ) ( 0 . 0005 rs828853 and VE ( P=0 . 002 ) were found .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: All these associations had a FDR<0 . 05 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Single-marker associations were confirmed in haplotype analyses .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Summarizing , the observed associations with resting and submaximal-exercise cardiovascular and metabolic traits in the HERITAGE Family Study are likely due to neither variation in the promoter nor known coding SNPs of SLC4A5 . European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication , 22 April 2009 ; doi : 10 . 1038/ejhg . 2009 . 64 .
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