| 33 matches found in 19 documents. Search time: 0.006 seconds. |
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Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Adsorption characterizations of fulvic acid fractions onto kaolinite .
| | Author: Li A Xu M Li W Wang X Dai J | | Journal: J Environ Sci ( China ) Citation: V : 20 P : 528-35 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18575104 Accession (PMID): 18575104 | | Abstract: Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4 . 8 , F7 . 0 and F11 . 0 ( eluted by pH 4 . 8 buffer , pH 7 . 0 buffer and pH 11 . 0 buffer , respectively ) .
Sorption of fulvic acid ( FA ) fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments , and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) .
Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model .
The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11 . 0 > F7 . 0 > F4 . 8 .
Hydrophobic interaction was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite .
SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples , kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floc structure in complex Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA-coated particles , which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples , kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floc structure in complex Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA-coated particles , which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Sorption of fulvic acid ( FA ) fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments , and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hydrophobic interaction was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: A SNP in GmBADH2 gene associates with fragrance in vegetable soybean variety "Kaori" and SNAP marker development for the fragrance .
| | Author: Juwattanasomran R Somta P Chankaew S Shimizu T Wongpornchai S Kaga A Srinives P | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 122 P : 533-41 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21046066 Accession (PMID): 21046066 | | Abstract: Fragrance in soybean is due to the presence of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline ( 2AP ) .
BADH2 gene coding for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase has been identified as the candidate gene responsible for fragrance in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
In this study , using the RIL population derived from fragrant soybean cultivar "Kaori" and non-fragrant soybean cultivar "Chiang Mai 60" ( CM60 ) , STS markers designed from BADH2 homolog were found associating with 2AP production .
Genetic mapping demonstrated that QTL position of fragrance and 2AP production coincides with the position of GmBADH2 ( Glycine max betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ) .
Sequence comparison of GmBADH2 between Kaori and non-fragrant soybeans revealed non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in exon 10 .
Nucleotide substitution of G to A in the exon results in an amino acid change of glycine ( GGC ; G ) to aspartic acid ( GAC ; D ) in Kaori .
The amino acid substitution changes the conserved EGCRLGPIVS motif of GmBADH2 , which is essential for functional activity of GmBADH2 protein , to EGCRLDPIVS motif , suggesting that the SNP in GmBADH2 is responsible for the fragrance in Kaori .
Five single nucleotide-amplified polymorphism ( SNAP ) markers which are PCR-based allele specific SNP markers were developed for fragrance based on the SNP in GmBADH2 .
Two markers specific to A allele produced a band in only Kaori , while three markers specific to G alleles produced a band in only CM60 .
The simple PCR-based allele specific SNAP markers developed in the present study are useful in marker-assisted breeding of fragrant soybean .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequence comparison of GmBADH2 between Kaori and non-fragrant soybeans revealed non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in exon 10 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nucleotide substitution of G to A in the exon results in an amino acid change of glycine ( GGC ; G ) to aspartic acid ( GAC ; D ) in Kaori .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amino acid substitution changes the conserved EGCRLGPIVS motif of GmBADH2 , which is essential for functional activity of GmBADH2 protein , to EGCRLDPIVS motif , suggesting that the SNP in GmBADH2 is responsible for the fragrance in Kaori .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two markers specific to A allele produced a band in only Kaori , while three markers specific to G alleles produced a band in only CM60 .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Adsorption of Cry1Ab protein isolated from Bt transgenic rice on bentone , kaolin , humic acids , and soils .
| | Author: Wang H Ye Q Gan J Wu J | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : 56 P : 4659-64 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18512935 Accession (PMID): 18512935 | | Abstract: Adsorption on a soil matrix of the insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) transgenic plants affects their accumulation and release and , hence , bioavailability in soil .
Cry1Ab protein isolated from Bt transgenic rice was used to evaluate the adsorption and desorption on bentone , kaolin , and humic acids ( HAs ) .
The adsorption equilibrium of Cry1Ab protein was reached within 1-2 h for bentone and kaolin and within 4-8 h for HAs .
The adsorption isotherms were better described by linear expressions ( R ( 2 ) >/= 0 . 973 ) rather than by the Freundlich model .
No saturation was observed , even at the maximum concentration used ( 3 . 71 microg mL ( -1 ) ) .
The adsorbed protein was not easily desorbed at the used protein concentrations ( 0 . 18-3 . 71 microg mL ( -1 ) ) ; more than 50-70% , 70-80% , and 90% of the adsorbed protein remained on HAs , kaolin , and bentone , respectively , after washing with water .
Adsorption and desorption of the Cry1Ab protein were further studied using five soils , and the isotherms were also well-described by linear equations ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Adsorption of the Cry1Ab protein on soils was positively related to the soil organic matter content .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cry1Ab protein isolated from Bt transgenic rice was used to evaluate the adsorption and desorption on bentone , kaolin , and humic acids ( HAs ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The adsorption equilibrium of Cry1Ab protein was reached within 1-2 h for bentone and kaolin and within 4-8 h for HAs .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The adsorbed protein was not easily desorbed at the used protein concentrations ( 0 . 18-3 . 71 microg mL ( -1 ) ) ; more than 50-70% , 70-80% , and 90% of the adsorbed protein remained on HAs , kaolin , and bentone , respectively , after washing with water .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice .
| | Author: Sakamoto T Miura K Itoh H Tatsumi T Ueguchi-Tanaka M Ishiyama K Kobayashi M Agrawal GK Takeda S Abe K Miyao A Hirochika H Kitano H Ashikari M Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 134 ( 4 ) P : 1642-53 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15075394 Accession (PMID): 15075394 | | Abstract: To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , we intensively screened and identified 29 candidate genes encoding the following GA metabolic enzymes using all available rice DNA databases : ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase ( CPS ) , ent-kaurene synthase ( KS ) , ent-kaurene oxidase ( KO ) , ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase ( KAO ) , GA 20-oxidase ( GA20ox ) , GA 3-oxidase ( GA3ox ) , and GA 2-oxidase ( GA2ox ) .
In contrast to the Arabidopsis genome , multiple CPS-like , KS-like , and KO-like genes were identified in the rice genome , most of which are contiguously arranged .
We also identified 18 GA-deficient rice mutants at six different loci from rice mutant collections .
Based on the mutant and expression analyses , we demonstrated that the enzymes catalyzing the early steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway ( ie CPS , KS , KO , and KAO ) are mainly encoded by single genes , while those for later steps ( ie GA20ox , GA3ox , and GA2ox ) are encoded by gene families .
The remaining CPS-like , KS-like , and KO-like genes were likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexins rather than GAs because the expression of two CPS-like and three KS-like genes ( OsCPS2 , OsCPS4 , OsKS4 , OsKS7 , and OsKS8 ) were increased by UV irradiation , and four of these genes ( OsCPS2 , OsCPS4 , OsKS4 , and OsKS7 ) were also induced by an elicitor treatment . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , we intensively screened and identified 29 candidate genes encoding the following GA metabolic enzymes using all available rice DNA databases : ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase ( CPS ) , ent-kaurene synthase ( KS ) , ent-kaurene oxidase ( KO ) , ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase ( KAO ) , GA 20-oxidase ( GA20ox ) , GA 3-oxidase ( GA3ox ) , and GA 2-oxidase ( GA2ox ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on the mutant and expression analyses , we demonstrated that the enzymes catalyzing the early steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway ( ie CPS , KS , KO , and KAO ) are mainly encoded by single genes , while those for later steps ( ie GA20ox , GA3ox , and GA2ox ) are encoded by gene families .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Azaphilone pigments from a yellow mutant of the fungus Monascus kaoliang .
| | Author: Jongrungruangchok S Kittakoop P Yongsmith B Bavovada R Tanasupawat S Lartpornmatulee N Thebtaranonth Y | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 65 ( 18 ) P : 2569-75 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15451319 Accession (PMID): 15451319 | | Abstract: Azaphilone pigments , monascusones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) , together with two known azaphilones , monascin ( 3 ) and FK17-P2b2 ( 4 ) , were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of a yellow mutant of the fungus M kaoliang grown on rice .
Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data .
Monascusone A ( 1 ) , the major metabolite of M kaoliang , showed no antimalarial ( against Plasmodium falciparum ) , antitubercular ( against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ) , and antifungal ( toward Candida albicans ) activities .
Compound 1 exhibited no cytotoxicity against BC ( breast cancer ) and KB ( human epidermoid carcinoma of cavity ) cell lines .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Azaphilone pigments , monascusones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) , together with two known azaphilones , monascin ( 3 ) and FK17-P2b2 ( 4 ) , were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of a yellow mutant of the fungus M kaoliang grown on rice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Monascusone A ( 1 ) , the major metabolite of M kaoliang , showed no antimalarial ( against Plasmodium falciparum ) , antitubercular ( against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ) , and antifungal ( toward Candida albicans ) activities .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Prevalence of malformed frogs in Kaoping and Tungkang river basins of southern Taiwan .
| | Author: Huang DJ Chiu YW Chen CM Huang KH Wang SY | | Journal: J Environ Biol Citation: V : 31 P : 335-41 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21047008 Accession (PMID): 21047008 | | Abstract: In this study we found many amphibians with bizarre appearances , known as malformations in Pingtung County southern Taiwan .
For this investigation we collected frogs inhabiting the Kaoping and Tungkang river watersheds between February 2006 and June 2007 .
Among the total number of 10 , 909 normal frogs ( ie , anurans ) collected during the investigation period , the Indian rice frogs ( Rana limnocharis ) account for the greatest number next is the Chinese bullfrog ( Rana rugulosa ) .
Of all the 244 captured malformed frogs , the Indian rice frog account for the greatest proportion .
These malformed frogs have their main distribution in upstream areas of these two rivers .
Our result indicates that the appearance rate of malformed frogs is 1 . 8% in the upstream reaches of the Kaoping River and 2 . 6% , and 0 . 8% , respectively in the upstream and midstream reaches of the Tungkang river .
The most-commonly-found malformation is the lack of palms , followed by the lack of appendages , exostosis , and a malformed appendicular .
It is , therefore , reasonable to speculate that the causes for the malformation may be related to the increased organic pollutants and agricultural chemicals used in the upstream reaches of these two rivers .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: For this investigation we collected frogs inhabiting the Kaoping and Tungkang river watersheds between February 2006 and June 2007 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our result indicates that the appearance rate of malformed frogs is 1 . 8% in the upstream reaches of the Kaoping River and 2 . 6% , and 0 . 8% , respectively in the upstream and midstream reaches of the Tungkang river .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Developing nonpoint-source suspended solids control strategies using multimedia watershed management modeling .
| | Author: Lai YC Kao CM Surampalli RY Lin CE Wu CY | | Journal: Water Environ Res Citation: V : 82 P : 2205-18 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21141382 Accession (PMID): 21141382 | | Abstract: Kaoping River Basin is the largest and most intensively used river basin in Taiwan .
In this study , 14 types of land-use patterns in the basin are classified with the aid of the Erdas Imagine process ( Erdas , Inc . , Atlanta , Georgia ) and ArcView geographic information system ( GIS ) ( ESRI , Redlands , California ) .
Results from GIS identification and field verification indicate that orchard gardens , rice paddies , and sugarcane fields dominate the farmland areas in the basin .
Investigation results indicate that nonpoint-source ( NPS ) pollution has significant contributions to the suspended solids load to the Kaoping River during the wet season .
The average suspended solids concentrations increased from below 64 mg/ L in dry seasons to more than 1700 mg/L in wet seasons .
The Integrated Watershed Management Model ( Systech Engineering , Inc . , San Ramon , California ) was applied to simulate the water quality and evaluate the NPS suspended solids load to the river .
Modeling results show that forestation and land-use management are feasible best management practices for NPS suspended solids reduction .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Kaoping River Basin is the largest and most intensively used river basin in Taiwan .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Investigation results indicate that nonpoint-source ( NPS ) pollution has significant contributions to the suspended solids load to the Kaoping River during the wet season .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Genome-wide identification of gibberellins metabolic enzyme genes and expression profiling analysis during seed germination in maize .
| | Author: Song J Guo B Song F Peng H Yao Y Zhang Y Sun Q Ni Z | | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 482 P : 34-42 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21640170 Accession (PMID): 21640170 | | Abstract: Gibberellin ( GA ) is an essential phytohormone that controls many aspects of plant development .
To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in maize , we intensively screened and identified 27 candidate genes encoding the seven GA metabolic enzymes including ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase ( CPS ) , ent-kaurene synthase ( KS ) , ent-kaurene oxidase ( KO ) , ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase ( KAO ) , GA 20-oxidase ( GA20ox ) , GA 3-oxidase ( GA3ox ) , and GA 2-oxidase ( GA2ox ) , using all available public maize databases .
The results indicate that maize genome contains three CPS , four KS , two KO and one KAO genes , and most of them are arranged separately on the maize genome , which differs from that in rice .
In addition , the enzymes catalyzing the later steps ( ZmGA20ox , ZmGA3ox and ZmGA2ox ) are also encoded by gene families in maize , but GA3ox enzyme is likely to be encoded by single gene .
Expression profiling analysis exhibited that transcripts of 15 GA metabolic genes could be detected during maize seed germination , which provides further evidence for the notion that increased synthesis of active GA in the embryo is required for triggering germination events .
Moreover , a variety of temporal genes expression patterns of GA metabolic genes were detected , which revealed the complexity of underlying mechanism for GA regulated seed germination .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in maize , we intensively screened and identified 27 candidate genes encoding the seven GA metabolic enzymes including ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase ( CPS ) , ent-kaurene synthase ( KS ) , ent-kaurene oxidase ( KO ) , ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase ( KAO ) , GA 20-oxidase ( GA20ox ) , GA 3-oxidase ( GA3ox ) , and GA 2-oxidase ( GA2ox ) , using all available public maize databases .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results indicate that maize genome contains three CPS , four KS , two KO and one KAO genes , and most of them are arranged separately on the maize genome , which differs from that in rice .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Survey of aflatoxin-producing fungi in certain fermented foods and beverages in Thailand .
| | Author: Sripathomswat N Thasnakorn P | | Journal: Mycopathologia Citation: V : 73 ( 2 ) P : 83-8 Year: 1981 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6783915 Accession (PMID): 6783915 | | Abstract: Aflatoxin-producing fungi were found in fermented foods and beverages : fermented rice ( kaomak ) , soybean sauce ( taotjo ) , peanut butter , soy sauce ( shoyu ) , Thai red and white wine , and rice sugar wine .
These foods were extracted directly and tested for aflatoxins by thin-layer chromatography ( TLC ) and high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .
Four strains of aflatoxin-producing fungi were isolated from peanut butter , taotjo , and shoyu .
Direct extracts of 10% of the peanut butters tested and 5% of the kaomak tested contained large amounts of aflatoxins .
The HPLC procedures used in this experiment utilized chloroform-ethyl acetate ( 3 : 1 ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxin-producing fungi were found in fermented foods and beverages : fermented rice ( kaomak ) , soybean sauce ( taotjo ) , peanut butter , soy sauce ( shoyu ) , Thai red and white wine , and rice sugar wine .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Direct extracts of 10% of the peanut butters tested and 5% of the kaomak tested contained large amounts of aflatoxins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Tea consumption : fluid intake and bladder cancer risk in Southern Taiwan .
| | Author: Lu CM Lan SJ Lee YH Huang JK Huang CH Hsieh CC .
| | Journal: Urology Citation: V : 54 ( 5 ) P : 823-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10565741 Accession (PMID): 10565741 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : To determine whether tea consumption and intake of other beverages increases bladder cancer risk .
METHODS : A case-control study was conducted in Kaohsiung , Taiwan between August 1996 and June 1997 .
Index patients studied were consecutive patients with histologically confirmed , newly diagnosed bladder cancer in two major hospitals .
For each patient , 4 controls were selected from patients with non-neoplastic and nonurologic diseases undergoing surgical operations in the same hospital and individually matched by sex , age , and date of admission .
Using a structured questionnaire , a trained interviewer interviewed 40 patients and 160 controls .
Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for ethnicity , family history , and smoking status and matching variables were used to estimate the odds ratio ( OR ) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) .
RESULTS : Tea consumption overall was associated with increased bladder cancer risk ( OR 3 . 29 , 95% CI 1 . 34 to 8 . 05 ) .
Compared with non-tea drinkers , the odds ratios of bladder cancer for oolong tea drinkers was 3 . 00 ( 95% CI 1 . 20 to 7 . 47 ) ; for non-oolong tea drinkers ( black and/or other green tea ) , it was 14 . 86 ( 95% CI 2 . 13 to 103 . 83 ) .
The risk was greater among those who began to drink tea before age 40 ( OR 9 . 50 , 95% CI 2 . 39 to 37 . 75 ) and those who had been drinking tea for more than 30 years ( OR 17 . 75 , 95% CI 3 . 00 to 105 . 17 ) .
Coffee , tap water , and alcohol consumption were associated with a slightly increased risk , and both soy juice and rice juice consumption were associated with reduced risk ; none of these odds ratio estimates were statistically significant , however .
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that tea consumption is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : A case-control study was conducted in Kaohsiung , Taiwan between August 1996 and June 1997 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The adsorption of Congo red and vacuum pump oil by rice hull ash .
| | Author: Chou KS Tsai JC Lo CT .
| | Journal: Bioresour . Technol . Citation: V : 78 ( 2 ) P : 217-9 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11333045 Accession (PMID): 11333045 | | Abstract: Rice hull ash ( RHA ) of large surface area was obtained by acid wash and then calcination at 600 degrees C for 4 h .
The white ash was then mixed with kaolin and starch to make pellet adsorbents with reasonable strength to be utilized in a packed column .
Both ash and pellet samples showed good adsorption capacities toward the organic substances in wastewater .
Furthermore , the surface nature of the white ash and pellet adsorbent could be modified through either hydration or esterification reactions .
Corresponding changes in silanol concentrations were successfully correlated to changes in adsorption capacity toward either Congo red or vacuum pump oil molecules . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The white ash was then mixed with kaolin and starch to make pellet adsorbents with reasonable strength to be utilized in a packed column .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Determination of kalium in husked seed food by suspension sampling-flame atomic emission spectrometry ] | | Author: Liu L Du W | | Journal: Citation: V : 20 ( 1 ) P : 74-5 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12953455 Accession (PMID): 12953455 | | Abstract: Suspension sampling technique was applied to flame atomic emission spectrometry and Kalium in husked rice , millet and husked Kaoliang successfully determined .
A new method for rapid determination of kalium was developed .
The samples were grinded and then made into agar suspension .
NaCl solution was added to an appropriate amount of suspension for eliminating ionijation interference , and test solution prepared .
The test solution was injected into air-acetylene flame .
The working curve method was used for the determination .
Results were consistent with those obtained by ashing method .
RSD < 3 . 0% .
Relative error of the two methods was less than +/- 1 . 8% .
The t-test showed that no difference was found .
This method is convenient , rapid and accurate . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Suspension sampling technique was applied to flame atomic emission spectrometry and Kalium in husked rice , millet and husked Kaoliang successfully determined .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: An outbreak of food-borne illness due to methomyl contamination .
| | Author: Tsai MJ Wu SN Cheng HA Wang SH Chiang HT .
| | Journal: J Toxicol . Clin . Toxicol . Citation: V : 41 ( 7 ) P : 969-73 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14705843 Accession (PMID): 14705843 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : On December 26 , 2002 , 124 dinners took ill while eating lunch at a seafood restaurant in the town of Chiching in Kaohsiung municipality of Taiwan .
Sixty-nine people were sent to the emergency departments of the Municipal Chiching Hospital and Yuans General Hospital METHODS : We analyzed the clinical symptoms , detailed food history , and ingested amount of each food from 59 hospitalized adult patients and identified the source of the outbreak .
RESULTS : The median latency period from beginning eating to first symptoms was 5 min .
Twenty-six symptoms and signs were recorded .
The most commonly reported clinical effects were general weakness ( 84% ) , ataxia ( 82% ) , dizziness ( 82% ) , vomiting ( 80% ) , sweating ( 75% ) , floating sensation ( 71% ) , headache ( 69% ) , dyspnea ( 69% ) , and blurred vision ( 67% ) .
Thirty-one patients had residual symptoms 7 days after ingestion .
Of the six residual symptoms reported , the most frequent ones were dizziness ( 40% ) , poor appetite and dry mouth ( 11% ) , and gastrointestinal disturbance ( 11% ) .
The presence of residual symptoms correlated with the severity of the initial complaints ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
Almost all patients ate cooked rice ( 93% ) and leaf vegetable stir-fried with crab claw ( 93% ) .
The amount of each food eaten by the patients was not associated with the severity of symptoms ( p > 0 . 05 ) .
High levels of methomyl in leaf vegetables of "leaf vegetables stir-fried with crab claws" ( 380 ppm ) and fried mussels ( 1113 ppm ) were found by the Food Inspection Center at the Department of Health .
The food history and chemical analysis of the poison indicated methomyl was the cause of this outbreak .
Twenty-four patients recovered completely within 7 days .
CONCLUSION : Food-related methomyl intoxication produced a rapid onset of significant clinical toxicity in 124 individuals .
Based on the analysis of 55 adult patients , the most common effects were gait ataxia , dizziness , generalized weakness , and vomiting .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : On December 26 , 2002 , 124 dinners took ill while eating lunch at a seafood restaurant in the town of Chiching in Kaohsiung municipality of Taiwan .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Transposon-mediated expansion and diversification of a family of ULP-like genes .
| | Author: Hoen DR Park KC Elrouby N Yu Z Mohabir N Cowan RK Bureau TE .
| | Journal: Mol . Biol . Evol Citation: V : 23 ( 6 ) P : 1254-68 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16581939 Accession (PMID): 16581939 | | Abstract: Transposons comprise a major component of eukaryotic genomes , yet it remains controversial whether they are merely genetic parasites or instead significant contributors to organismal function and evolution .
In plants , thousands of DNA transposons were recently shown to contain duplicated cellular gene fragments , a process termed transduplication .
Although transduplication is a potentially rich source of novel coding sequences , virtually all appear to be pseudogenes in rice .
Here we report the results of a genome-wide survey of transduplication in Mutator-like elements ( MULEs ) in Arabidopsis thaliana , which shows that the phenomenon is generally similar to rice transduplication , with one important exception : KAONASHI ( KI ) .
A family of more than 97 potentially functional genes and apparent pseudogenes , evidently derived at least 15 MYA from a cellular small ubiquitin-like modifier-specific protease gene , KI is predominantly located in potentially autonomous non-terminal inverted repeat MULEs and has evolved under purifying selection to maintain a conserved peptidase domain .
Similar to the associated transposase gene but unlike cellular genes , KI is targeted by small RNAs and silenced in most it issues but has elevated expression in pollen .
In an Arabidopsis double mutant deficient in histone and DNA methylation with elevated KI expression compared to wild type , at least one KI-MULE is mobile .
The existence of KI demonstrates that transduplicated genes can retain protein-coding capacity and evolve novel functions .
However , in this case , our evidence suggests that the function of KI may be selfish rather than cellular .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we report the results of a genome-wide survey of transduplication in Mutator-like elements ( MULEs ) in Arabidopsis thaliana , which shows that the phenomenon is generally similar to rice transduplication , with one important exception : KAONASHI ( KI ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Evolutionary rate patterns of the Gibberellin pathway genes .
| | Author: Yang YH Zhang FM Ge S | | Journal: BMC Evol Biol Citation: V : 9 P : 206 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19689796 Accession (PMID): 19689796 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Analysis of molecular evolutionary patterns of different genes within metabolic pathways allows us to determine whether these genes are subject to equivalent evolutionary forces and how natural selection shapes the evolution of proteins in an interacting system .
Although previous studies found that upstream genes in the pathway evolved more slowly than downstream genes , the correlation between evolutionary rate and position of the genes in metabolic pathways as well as its implications in molecular evolution are still less understood .
RESULTS : We sequenced and characterized 7 core structural genes of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from 8 representative species of the rice tribe ( Oryzeae ) to address alternative hypotheses regarding evolutionary rates and patterns of metabolic pathway genes .
We have detected significant rate heterogeneity among 7 GA pathway genes for both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites .
Such rate variation is mostly likely attributed to differences of selection intensity rather than differential mutation pressures on the genes .
Unlike previous argument that downstream genes in metabolic pathways would evolve more slowly than upstream genes , the downstream genes in the GA pathway did not exhibited the elevated substitution rate and instead , the genes that encode either the enzyme at the branch point ( GA20ox ) or enzymes catalyzing multiple steps ( KO , KAO and GA3ox ) in the pathway had the lowest evolutionary rates due to strong purifying selection .
Our branch and codon models failed to detect signature of positive selection for any lineage and codon of the GA pathway genes .
CONCLUSION : This study suggests that significant heterogeneity of evolutionary rate of the GA pathway genes is mainly ascribed to differential constraint relaxation rather than the positive selection and supports the pathway flux theory that predicts that natural selection primarily targets enzymes that have the greatest control on fluxes .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Unlike previous argument that downstream genes in metabolic pathways would evolve more slowly than upstream genes , the downstream genes in the GA pathway did not exhibited the elevated substitution rate and instead , the genes that encode either the enzyme at the branch point ( GA20ox ) or enzymes catalyzing multiple steps ( KO , KAO and GA3ox ) in the pathway had the lowest evolutionary rates due to strong purifying selection .
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| Title: Azaphilone pigments from a yellow mutant of the fungus Monascus kaoliang .
| | Author: Jongrungruangchok S Kittakoop P Yongsmith B Bavovada R Tanasupawat S Lartpornmatulee N Thebtaranonth Y | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 65 ( 18 ) P : 2569-75 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15451319 Accession (PMID): 15451319 | | Abstract: Azaphilone pigments , monascusones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) , together with two known azaphilones , monascin ( 3 ) and FK17-P2b2 ( 4 ) , were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of a yellow mutant of the fungus M kaoliang grown on rice .
Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data .
Monascusone A ( 1 ) , the major metabolite of M kaoliang , showed no antimalarial ( against Plasmodium falciparum ) , antitubercular ( against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ) , and antifungal ( toward Candida albicans ) activities .
Compound 1 exhibited no cytotoxicity against BC ( breast cancer ) and KB ( human epidermoid carcinoma of cavity ) cell lines .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Azaphilone pigments from a yellow mutant of the fungus Monascus kaoliang .
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| Title: Adsorption of Cry1Ab protein isolated from Bt transgenic rice on bentone , kaolin , humic acids , and soils .
| | Author: Wang H Ye Q Gan J Wu J | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : 56 P : 4659-64 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18512935 Accession (PMID): 18512935 | | Abstract: Adsorption on a soil matrix of the insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) transgenic plants affects their accumulation and release and , hence , bioavailability in soil .
Cry1Ab protein isolated from Bt transgenic rice was used to evaluate the adsorption and desorption on bentone , kaolin , and humic acids ( HAs ) .
The adsorption equilibrium of Cry1Ab protein was reached within 1-2 h for bentone and kaolin and within 4-8 h for HAs .
The adsorption isotherms were better described by linear expressions ( R ( 2 ) >/= 0 . 973 ) rather than by the Freundlich model .
No saturation was observed , even at the maximum concentration used ( 3 . 71 microg mL ( -1 ) ) .
The adsorbed protein was not easily desorbed at the used protein concentrations ( 0 . 18-3 . 71 microg mL ( -1 ) ) ; more than 50-70% , 70-80% , and 90% of the adsorbed protein remained on HAs , kaolin , and bentone , respectively , after washing with water .
Adsorption and desorption of the Cry1Ab protein were further studied using five soils , and the isotherms were also well-described by linear equations ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Adsorption of the Cry1Ab protein on soils was positively related to the soil organic matter content .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Adsorption of Cry1Ab protein isolated from Bt transgenic rice on bentone , kaolin , humic acids , and soils .
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| Title: Adsorption characterizations of fulvic acid fractions onto kaolinite .
| | Author: Li A Xu M Li W Wang X Dai J | | Journal: J Environ Sci ( China ) Citation: V : 20 P : 528-35 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18575104 Accession (PMID): 18575104 | | Abstract: Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4 . 8 , F7 . 0 and F11 . 0 ( eluted by pH 4 . 8 buffer , pH 7 . 0 buffer and pH 11 . 0 buffer , respectively ) .
Sorption of fulvic acid ( FA ) fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments , and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) .
Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model .
The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11 . 0 > F7 . 0 > F4 . 8 .
Hydrophobic interaction was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite .
SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples , kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floc structure in complex Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA-coated particles , which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Adsorption characterizations of fulvic acid fractions onto kaolinite .
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| Title: Prevalence of malformed frogs in Kaoping and Tungkang river basins of southern Taiwan .
| | Author: Huang DJ Chiu YW Chen CM Huang KH Wang SY | | Journal: J Environ Biol Citation: V : 31 P : 335-41 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21047008 Accession (PMID): 21047008 | | Abstract: In this study we found many amphibians with bizarre appearances , known as malformations in Pingtung County southern Taiwan .
For this investigation we collected frogs inhabiting the Kaoping and Tungkang river watersheds between February 2006 and June 2007 .
Among the total number of 10 , 909 normal frogs ( ie , anurans ) collected during the investigation period , the Indian rice frogs ( Rana limnocharis ) account for the greatest number next is the Chinese bullfrog ( Rana rugulosa ) .
Of all the 244 captured malformed frogs , the Indian rice frog account for the greatest proportion .
These malformed frogs have their main distribution in upstream areas of these two rivers .
Our result indicates that the appearance rate of malformed frogs is 1 . 8% in the upstream reaches of the Kaoping River and 2 . 6% , and 0 . 8% , respectively in the upstream and midstream reaches of the Tungkang river .
The most-commonly-found malformation is the lack of palms , followed by the lack of appendages , exostosis , and a malformed appendicular .
It is , therefore , reasonable to speculate that the causes for the malformation may be related to the increased organic pollutants and agricultural chemicals used in the upstream reaches of these two rivers .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Prevalence of malformed frogs in Kaoping and Tungkang river basins of southern Taiwan .
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